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C&P Exam Prep: Skin Diseases (Dermatitis / Psoriasis / Acne)

DC 7824 skin 38 CFR 4.118

DBQ Overview

Interview + Physical
Form Name
Skin_Diseases
Form Code
Skin_Diseases
Page Count
12
Examiner Type
Dermatologist or appropriate clinician
Estimated Duration
15-30 minutes
Exam Format
Interview + Physical

What to Expect During Your Exam

Exam Overview

To document the nature, severity, and extent of your skin condition(s) for VA disability rating purposes under 38 CFR - 4.118. The examiner will assess body surface area affected, treatment history, and functional impairment to assign a rating under the General Rating Formula for the Skin.

What the examiner evaluates:

  • Total body surface area (TBSA) affected by the condition (expressed as a percentage)
  • Exposed body surface area affected (expressed as a percentage)
  • Whether affected areas are on exposed vs. non-exposed body surfaces
  • Specific diagnosis and ICD code (dermatitis/eczema, psoriasis, acne, infections, etc.)
  • Whether condition involves intertriginous areas (armpits, groin, between skin folds)
  • Whether palmar (palm) or plantar (sole) involvement is present
  • Whether mucosal surfaces are involved
  • Whether erythroderma (widespread skin redness) is present
  • Active vs. remission status and frequency of flare-ups
  • Current medications and treatment line (first, second, third-line)
  • Whether systemic medications such as corticosteroids, biologics, retinoids, or immunosuppressives are required
  • History and course of the condition including onset
  • Functional impairment in occupational and daily activities
  • Presence of complications such as scarring alopecia, vitiligo, hyperhidrosis, or vasculitis
  • Whether condition was previously resolved or is currently active
  • Phototherapy or photochemotherapy treatment history

The examiner will visually inspect affected skin areas and document measurements. You may be asked to expose affected areas of skin. The exam may be conducted in-person or via telehealth. Bring a list of all current medications, prior treatment records, and photographs taken on your worst days if available. You have the right to request exam recording in most states - check your state's laws before the exam.

Typical duration: 15-30 minutes

Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) Affected

The percentage of the entire body's skin surface covered by the active skin condition. This is the single most critical measurement for determining your disability rating under the General Rating Formula for the Skin.

What to expect:

The examiner will visually assess and estimate what percentage of your total body surface is affected. Common clinical estimation uses the 'Rule of Nines' (head=9%, each arm=9%, each leg=18%, trunk front=18%, trunk back=18%). The examiner documents this as a percentage and records it on the DBQ.

Key thresholds:

  • Less than 5% TBSA — 0% - No compensable rating if no systemic therapy required
  • 5% to less than 20% TBSA, or; at least 5% TBSA if in an exposed area, or; intermittent systemic therapy required for a total duration of less than six weeks during the past 12-month period — 10% rating
  • 20% to less than 40% TBSA, or; at least 20% TBSA if in an exposed area, or; systemic therapy required for a total duration of six weeks or more, but not constantly, during the past 12-month period — 30% rating
  • 40% or more TBSA affected, or; at least 40% TBSA if in an exposed area, or; constant or near-constant systemic therapy required during the past 12-month period — 60% rating

Tips:

  • On your worst days, your affected area may be significantly larger than on the exam day - tell the examiner explicitly what your TBSA looks like during flare-ups, not just on the day of exam.
  • Ask the examiner to document both your 'exam-day' TBSA and your 'worst-day' TBSA during flare-ups.
  • Consider bringing dated photographs showing your worst flare episodes to give the examiner an accurate picture.
  • Know the approximate percentage of your body that is regularly affected - prepare this estimate before the exam.

Pain considerations: Skin conditions can cause significant pain, burning, itching, and discomfort. Clearly communicate the pain level associated with your skin condition, especially during flare-ups, and how it affects your ability to sleep, work, and perform daily activities.

Exposed Body Surface Area (Exposed TBSA) Affected

The percentage of exposed body surface area (areas visible without clothing, such as face, neck, hands, forearms) affected by the skin condition. Involvement of exposed areas can result in a higher rating at lower TBSA thresholds due to social, occupational, and psychological impact.

What to expect:

The examiner specifically notes whether affected areas are on exposed skin (face, neck, hands, arms below sleeve line). The DBQ requires this to be documented separately from total TBSA. Per M21-1, both TBSA and exposed TBSA must be documented or the exam may be considered insufficient for rating.

Key thresholds:

  • At least 5% of exposed body surface area affected — 10% rating (even if total TBSA is less than 5%)
  • At least 20% of exposed body surface area affected — 30% rating (even if total TBSA is less than 20%)
  • At least 40% of exposed body surface area affected — 60% rating (even if total TBSA is less than 40%)

Tips:

  • If your condition affects your face, neck, or hands, emphasize this clearly - these are high-value areas for rating purposes.
  • Describe any social embarrassment, avoidance of public situations, or work-related impacts caused by visible skin lesions.
  • If your acne or dermatitis affects 40% or more of your face and neck, this is specifically captured on the DBQ (field for 'Affects 40% or more of face and neck').

Pain considerations: Involvement of exposed areas such as hands can interfere with gripping, fine motor tasks, and handwashing, and can cause chronic discomfort. Describe these functional impacts explicitly.

Systemic Therapy Assessment

Whether and for how long systemic medications (oral or injectable treatments affecting the whole body, not just topical) were required over the past 12 months. This is an independent pathway to a higher rating regardless of TBSA percentage.

What to expect:

The examiner will review your medication history and ask about systemic treatments including oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressives (methotrexate, cyclosporine), biologics (Humira, Dupixent, Stelara, Cosentyx, etc.), retinoids (isotretinoin, acitretin), antihistamines, and sympathomimetics. The examiner documents whether therapy was intermittent (less than 6 weeks), required for 6+ weeks, or required constantly/near-constantly.

Key thresholds:

  • No systemic therapy required — Supports 0% if TBSA also below threshold
  • Intermittent systemic therapy less than 6 total weeks in past 12 months — Supports 10% rating
  • Systemic therapy required 6+ weeks but not constantly in past 12 months — Supports 30% rating
  • Constant or near-constant systemic therapy required in past 12 months — Supports 60% rating

Tips:

  • Bring a complete, accurate medication list including start dates, stop dates, and dosages for all systemic skin medications.
  • Include biologics (self-injected or infused), oral immunosuppressants, systemic steroids, oral retinoids, and prescription oral antihistamines.
  • If you take a biologic continuously (e.g., every 2 weeks or monthly), this is 'constant' systemic therapy - state this clearly.
  • If you have had multiple short courses of oral prednisone for flares, add up the total weeks per year and communicate this to the examiner.
  • Do not understate your medication regimen - accurately reporting your systemic therapy use is critical for an accurate rating.

Pain considerations: Side effects of systemic therapy (e.g., immunosuppression risk, liver monitoring for methotrexate, mood effects from steroids) represent additional burden. Mention these side effects and monitoring requirements to demonstrate the severity of your condition.

Intertriginous, Palmar, and Plantar Area Assessment

Whether skin disease involves skin folds (axilla/armpits, groin, under breasts, between toes), palms of hands, or soles of feet. These locations carry special rating significance for certain conditions such as psoriasis and eczema.

What to expect:

The examiner will check for involvement in these specific high-impact locations. The DBQ has dedicated fields for palmar involvement (with episode frequency) and plantar involvement (with episode frequency). Intertriginous area involvement is separately documented.

Key thresholds:

  • Involvement of intertriginous areas (armpits, groin, skin folds) — Affects location-based rating criteria and severity documentation
  • Palmar or plantar involvement with episodic flares — Can affect functional impairment rating and frequency-based documentation

Tips:

  • If your condition affects your palms, describe how this impacts your ability to grip, use tools, type, or perform manual tasks.
  • If plantar involvement causes pain with walking or standing, describe how this limits your mobility and daily function.
  • Describe whether palmar or plantar episodes are constant, intermittent, or triggered by specific activities.

Pain considerations: Palmar and plantar psoriasis or eczema can be extremely painful and functionally disabling. Describe pain with pressure, walking, or use of hands in concrete terms (e.g., 'I cannot stand for more than 20 minutes without severe burning on the soles of my feet').

Estimate

Rating Criteria Breakdown

60% At least 40% or more of the total body surface area affected ...

At least 40% or more of the total body surface area affected; OR at least 40% of the exposed body surface area affected; OR constant or near-constant systemic therapy required during the past 12-month period.

Key Symptoms

  • 40% or more TBSA covered by active skin disease
  • 40% or more of exposed body surface area affected
  • Year-round continuous systemic therapy (daily biologic injections, daily immunosuppressants, constant oral steroids)
  • Near-constant flaring requiring ongoing systemic management
  • Severe functional impairment in work and daily activities
  • Erythroderma (widespread redness and peeling across body)
  • Significant psychological and social impact
  • Multiple hospitalizations or urgent care visits for skin condition
  • Palmar or plantar involvement severely limiting use of hands or ambulation

CFR: Under 38 CFR - 4.118 General Rating Formula for the Skin: 60% - at least 40% of the total body surface area affected; or at least 40% of the exposed body surface area affected; or constant or near-constant systemic therapy required during the past 12-month period.

30% At least 20% but less than 40% of the total body surface are ...

At least 20% but less than 40% of the total body surface area affected; OR at least 20% of exposed body surface area affected; OR systemic therapy required for a total duration of six weeks or more, but not constantly, during the past 12-month period.

Key Symptoms

  • 20-39% TBSA covered by active skin disease
  • Significant visible involvement of face, neck, or hands (20%+ exposed area)
  • Multiple courses of systemic therapy totaling 6+ weeks per year (but not year-round)
  • Repeated flare-ups requiring systemic steroids, methotrexate, cyclosporine, or similar
  • Significant impact on sleep, work, and social functioning
  • Oozing, crusting, extensive scaling, or painful plaques
  • Involvement of intertriginous areas causing functional limitation

CFR: Under 38 CFR - 4.118 General Rating Formula for the Skin: 30% - at least 20% but less than 40% of the total body surface area affected; or at least 20% of the exposed body surface area affected; or systemic therapy required for a total duration of six weeks or more, but not constantly, during the past 12-month period.

10% At least 5% but less than 20% of the total body surface area ...

At least 5% but less than 20% of the total body surface area affected; OR at least 5% of exposed body surface area affected; OR intermittent systemic therapy required for a total duration of less than six weeks during the past 12-month period.

Key Symptoms

  • 5-19% TBSA covered by active skin disease
  • Visible lesions on face, neck, hands, or forearms (exposed areas meeting 5% threshold)
  • Intermittent oral steroids (e.g., one or two short courses per year totaling under 6 weeks)
  • Occasional prescription antihistamines or short-course systemic therapy
  • Periodic flare-ups requiring medical attention
  • Itching, scaling, redness, or plaques in multiple areas

CFR: Under 38 CFR - 4.118 General Rating Formula for the Skin: 10% - at least 5% but less than 20% of the total body surface area affected; or at least 5% of the exposed body surface area affected; or intermittent systemic therapy used for a total duration of less than six weeks during the past 12-month period.

0% No disability, or less than 5% of the total body surface are ...

No disability, or less than 5% of the total body surface area OR less than 5% of the exposed body surface area affected; no systemic therapy required. Condition may be present but compensable threshold is not met.

Key Symptoms

  • Minimal skin involvement affecting less than 5% TBSA
  • No systemic medications required
  • Condition controlled with topical treatments alone
  • No involvement of exposed areas meeting threshold

CFR: Under the General Rating Formula for the Skin (38 CFR - 4.118), a 0% noncompensable rating applies when the condition does not meet the 5% TBSA or exposed area threshold and requires no systemic therapy.

How to Describe Your Symptoms

Body Surface Area and Flare Severity

How to describe:

Describe both your current presentation AND your typical worst-day presentation. State the approximate percentage of your body covered during a flare. Use anatomical landmarks: 'During flares, plaques cover my entire back (18%), both arms (18%), and my scalp and face (9%), totaling approximately 45% of my body surface area.'

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, I have thick, cracked, bleeding plaques covering my entire trunk, both arms, and my face. My skin is so inflamed and painful that I cannot wear normal clothing or sleep in a comfortable position. This happens at least 4-6 times per year and lasts 2-3 weeks at a time.”

What the examiner listens for:

Specific percentage estimates, descriptions of which body regions are involved, frequency and duration of severe flares, and whether the exam-day presentation is typical or represents a better-than-average day.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'it's not that bad today' without clarifying that today may not reflect your typical or worst state. Do not say 'just a little rash' - use accurate, specific language about coverage and severity.

Systemic Treatment Burden

How to describe:

List every systemic medication you have taken in the past 12 months, including how long you took it. Distinguish topical treatments from systemic ones. State whether you are currently on continuous systemic therapy (e.g., 'I inject Dupixent every two weeks without interruption - I have done this continuously for 18 months').

Worst-day example:

“I take methotrexate weekly and have done so for the past 8 months continuously. I have also had four courses of prednisone this year totaling approximately 10 weeks. Without these medications, my skin becomes completely unmanageable within days.”

What the examiner listens for:

Total weeks of systemic therapy in the past 12 months, whether therapy is continuous vs. intermittent, names and classes of medications, and whether therapy is required to prevent severe flares or maintain any level of function.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not omit short-term oral steroid courses - each one counts toward the total duration. Do not say 'I just take a pill sometimes' - name the medication and state how frequently and how long you have taken it.

Functional Impact and Daily Activities

How to describe:

Describe specifically how your skin condition affects your ability to work, sleep, perform hygiene, socialize, and engage in physical activity. Use concrete examples: 'I cannot wear a uniform because the fabric causes severe irritation and bleeding of plaques on my torso. I miss approximately 3-4 days of work per month during flares.'

Worst-day example:

“During flares I cannot sleep more than 2-3 hours due to itching and pain. I cannot wear shoes because of plantar lesions. I avoid public places because of embarrassment from visible lesions on my face and neck. My hands crack and bleed, preventing me from gripping tools or typing without pain.”

What the examiner listens for:

Specific functional limitations, occupational impact, social isolation, sleep disruption, and any activities that have been abandoned or modified due to the skin condition.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not minimize your functional limitations by focusing only on the physical skin appearance. The examiner needs to understand how the condition affects your life, not just what it looks like.

Frequency and Pattern of Flare-Ups

How to describe:

Describe how often you experience flare-ups, what triggers them, how long they last, and what severity they reach. Distinguish between your baseline state and your flare state. Example: 'I have a baseline of about 10-15% TBSA affected at all times, but I flare 5-6 times per year where coverage expands to 40-50% TBSA and lasts 2-4 weeks.'

Worst-day example:

“My worst flares occur in winter and after stress. Last winter I had a 6-week flare where my entire scalp, face, chest, and back were covered. I required two courses of steroids plus my biologic dose was increased. I could not work for three weeks.”

What the examiner listens for:

Number of flares per year, average duration, peak severity, triggers, and whether there are true remission periods or the condition is essentially constant.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not describe only your remission state. If you flare regularly, the examiner must understand the active disease pattern, not just the current controlled state.

Exposed Area and Social/Psychological Impact

How to describe:

Clearly identify which visible areas are affected (face, neck, hands, forearms). Describe the social and psychological consequences: workplace discrimination concerns, social withdrawal, depression, or anxiety related to appearance. Example: 'My face and neck have active plaques approximately 70% of the time, covering more than 40% of those areas. I have stopped attending social events and declined a promotion because I feared customer-facing work.'

Worst-day example:

“During flares my entire face is red, scaly, and oozing. I cannot leave the house without people staring. I have developed significant depression and anxiety directly related to my skin condition, for which I am now receiving mental health treatment.”

What the examiner listens for:

Percentage of face/neck/hands affected, social avoidance behaviors, occupational limitations related to appearance, and secondary psychological conditions.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not omit psychological impact. The DBQ asks about functional impact on occupational and daily activities - mental health consequences of a visible skin condition are directly relevant.

Acne-Specific Severity (if applicable)

How to describe:

For acne, the rating formula requires identification of acne type and affected location. Distinguish between superficial acne (comedones, papules, pustules) and deep acne (inflamed nodules and pus-filled cysts). Specify whether it affects the face/neck vs. body areas vs. intertriginous areas, and what percentage of the face and neck is affected.

Worst-day example:

“I have deep cystic acne with painful inflamed nodules across my entire face (covering more than 40% of my face and neck) and upper chest. The cysts are painful to touch and frequently rupture. I have been on isotretinoin (Accutane) continuously for 6 months.”

What the examiner listens for:

Acne type (superficial vs. deep/cystic), body location, percentage of face and neck affected, and whether systemic retinoids or other systemic treatments are required.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not describe cystic nodular acne as 'just pimples.' The distinction between superficial and deep acne is critical to the rating level - use accurate clinical language or describe your lesions in detail.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Prep Checklist

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Before Your Exam

Day Of

During the Exam

After the Exam

Your Rights During a C&P Exam

  • You have the right to an adequate C&P exam. Under M21-1, a skin disease exam is insufficient for rating purposes if it does not identify both the total body surface area and the exposed body surface area affected (expressed as percentages). If these are missing from your DBQ, the exam may be returned as insufficient or you may request a new exam.
  • You have the right to request a copy of your completed DBQ. Review it carefully for accuracy and submit a personal statement to correct any errors or omissions.
  • You have the right to submit photographs of your skin condition as evidence. Dated photographs showing your worst flare presentations are acceptable supporting evidence and should be considered when evaluating your condition per M21-1 guidance.
  • You have the right to audio or video record your C&P examination in many states. Check your state's recording consent law before the exam. You should notify the examiner at the start of the exam if you are recording.
  • You have the right to bring supporting documentation to the exam, including medical records, medication lists, and written statements. You cannot be prevented from bringing this material.
  • You have the right to a second opinion or an Independent Medical Opinion (IMO) from a private physician if you disagree with the examiner's findings. A well-supported IMO from a board-certified dermatologist can carry significant probative value in your claim.
  • You have the right to challenge an inadequate or negative exam through a Supplemental Claim, Higher-Level Review, or Board of Veterans' Appeals. If the examiner failed to document critical elements (e.g., TBSA percentages, systemic therapy duration), this constitutes an inadequate exam and may be grounds for a new exam.
  • You have the right to report that today's presentation is not representative of your typical or worst condition. Per M21-1 guidance, your rating should reflect your condition as it typically manifests, including during flare-ups, not only at the snapshot taken during the exam.
  • You have the right to claim psoriatic arthritis, nail disease, oral mucosal involvement, and other complications of psoriasis as separately ratable conditions. These complications should not be subsumed into the skin rating alone - 38 CFR - 4.118 DC 7816 specifically notes that complications such as psoriatic arthritis should be rated separately under the appropriate diagnostic code.
  • You have the right to a rating that reflects the total burden of your treatment, including systemic therapy. If you require constant or near-constant systemic therapy, you are entitled to the 60% rating regardless of your TBSA percentage on any given exam day.

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This C&P exam preparation guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, medical, or claims advice. Always consult with a qualified Veterans Service Organization (VSO) representative or VA-accredited attorney for guidance specific to your claim. Never exaggerate, minimize, or fabricate symptoms during a C&P examination.