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C&P Exam Prep: Respiratory Conditions (Asthma / COPD / Bronchitis)

DC 6600 respiratory 38 CFR 4.97

DBQ Overview

Interview + Physical
Form Name
Respiratory_Conditions_Other_than_Tuberculosis_and_Sleep_Apnea
Form Code
Respiratory_Conditions_Other_than_Tuberculosis_and_Sleep_Apnea
Page Count
11
Examiner Type
Pulmonologist or Physician
Estimated Duration
20-45 minutes
Exam Format
Interview + Physical

What to Expect During Your Exam

Exam Overview

The examiner will document the current severity of your respiratory condition, gather pulmonary function test (PFT) results, assess symptoms, evaluate treatment requirements, and determine how the condition affects your daily functioning and occupational capacity. This information directly drives the disability rating percentage assigned under 38 CFR 4.97.

What the examiner evaluates:

  • Diagnosis confirmation (asthma, COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or combination)
  • Pulmonary function test results: FEV-1, FVC, FEV-1/FVC ratio, and DLCO
  • Current medications including inhalational bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory inhalers, and systemic corticosteroids
  • Frequency and severity of exacerbations or asthma attacks over the past 12 months
  • Number of corticosteroid bursts received in the past 12 months
  • Whether outpatient oxygen therapy is required
  • Episodes of acute respiratory failure
  • Presence of cor pulmonale, right ventricular hypertrophy, or pulmonary hypertension
  • Symptoms including dyspnea, productive cough, wheezing, purulent sputum, and hemoptysis
  • Exercise capacity and functional limitations
  • Impact on work and daily activities
  • History of hospitalizations or ER visits for respiratory symptoms
  • Service connection nexus and history of onset

The exam will typically include an in-person interview and review of your medical records. Pulmonary function testing (spirometry) may be ordered at or prior to the exam - confirm whether PFTs will be conducted on-site or whether you should bring recent results. If spirometry is not performed, ask the examiner to document why. PFTs are required for an adequate evaluation under 38 CFR 4.96.

Typical duration: 20-45 minutes

Spirometry - FEV-1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second)

The volume of air you can forcefully exhale in the first second of a breath. This is the single most important measurement for VA respiratory ratings. It is expressed as a percentage of the predicted value for your age, height, and sex.

What to expect:

You will take the deepest breath you can and then blow out as hard and fast as possible into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer. The test requires at least three acceptable efforts. Technicians will coach you to 'blast' air out forcefully. The test may be repeated before and after a bronchodilator medication (albuterol) to assess reversibility.

Key thresholds:

  • FEV-1 less than 40% predicted — 100% rating (DC 6600 / 6602)
  • FEV-1 40-55% predicted — 60% rating (DC 6600 / 6602)
  • FEV-1 56-70% predicted — 30% rating (DC 6600 / 6602)
  • FEV-1 71-80% predicted — 10% rating (DC 6602 asthma)
  • FEV-1 greater than 80% predicted — 0% rating based on FEV-1 alone - other criteria may still apply

Tips:

  • Do NOT use your rescue inhaler (e.g., albuterol) for at least 4 hours before testing unless medically necessary - this ensures the pre-bronchodilator test reflects your baseline impairment.
  • Avoid long-acting bronchodilators (e.g., Spiriva, Serevent) for 24 hours before testing if medically safe to do so - consult your treating physician first.
  • Perform the test on a typical symptom day, not on a particularly good day.
  • Give maximum effort on every blow - a poor effort can underestimate your impairment and lower your rating.
  • The VA rates based on the BEST of the pre- or post-bronchodilator values, whichever produces the higher rating percentage.

Pain considerations: If forceful exhalation causes chest tightness, pain, wheezing, or significant dyspnea during testing, inform the technician immediately. Document any symptom exacerbation that occurs during or after testing, as this demonstrates exercise or effort intolerance.

Spirometry - FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)

The total volume of air exhaled forcefully after a maximal inhalation. Used with FEV-1 to calculate the FEV-1/FVC ratio, which distinguishes obstructive from restrictive patterns.

What to expect:

Performed during the same spirometry session as FEV-1. You exhale completely and forcefully for at least 6 seconds.

Key thresholds:

  • FEV-1/FVC less than 40% — 100% rating (DC 6600 / 6602)
  • FEV-1/FVC 40-55% — 60% rating (DC 6600 / 6602)
  • FEV-1/FVC 56-70% — 30% rating (DC 6600 / 6602)
  • FEV-1/FVC 71-80% — 10% rating (DC 6602 asthma)

Tips:

  • The FEV-1/FVC ratio is an independent rating criterion - even if your FEV-1 alone is within normal limits, a reduced ratio can independently support a higher rating.
  • Ensure the spirometer is properly calibrated - you have the right to ask about calibration.

Pain considerations: Same as FEV-1. Report any dyspnea or chest discomfort triggered by the test effort.

DLCO-SB (Diffusion Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide - Single Breath)

How efficiently oxygen crosses from your air sacs (alveoli) into your bloodstream. Reduced in emphysema, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Expressed as a percentage of predicted value.

What to expect:

You breathe in a small, safe amount of carbon monoxide mixed with air, hold your breath for 10 seconds, then exhale slowly. The machine measures how much CO was absorbed. Usually takes 5-10 minutes.

Key thresholds:

  • DLCO less than 40% predicted — 100% rating (DC 6600)
  • DLCO 40-55% predicted — 60% rating (DC 6600)
  • DLCO 56-70% predicted — 30% rating (DC 6600)

Tips:

  • Do not smoke for at least 4 hours before the DLCO test - carboxyhemoglobin from smoking artificially reduces the reading.
  • This test is particularly important if you have emphysema or COPD - it may capture severity that spirometry alone misses.
  • Bring any prior DLCO results for comparison.

Pain considerations: The single breath hold can trigger dyspnea in severely affected veterans. If you cannot complete the hold, inform the technician - an incomplete test should be documented, not just marked as invalid effort.

Exercise Capacity / VO2 Max Testing

Maximum oxygen consumption during exercise (ml/kg/min), reflecting cardiorespiratory fitness. Used for the most severe rating levels.

What to expect:

Performed on a treadmill or stationary bike with gas exchange monitoring. You exercise to maximum tolerated intensity while breathing into a mask.

Key thresholds:

  • VO2 max less than 15 ml/kg/min with cardiorespiratory limitation — 100% rating (DC 6600)
  • VO2 max 15-20 ml/kg/min with cardiorespiratory limitation — 60% rating (DC 6600)

Tips:

  • This test is not always ordered - if it is, ensure your treating pulmonologist is aware so medications are appropriately managed.
  • Document your exercise intolerance symptoms - how far you can walk, stairs, activities of daily living - even if formal testing is not conducted.

Pain considerations: Stop the test immediately if you experience chest pain, severe dyspnea, or dizziness. These stopping points should be documented as they support functional limitation findings.

Estimate

Rating Criteria Breakdown

100% FEV-1 less than 40% predicted OR FEV-1/FVC less than 40% OR ...

FEV-1 less than 40% predicted OR FEV-1/FVC less than 40% OR DLCO less than 40% predicted OR VO2 max less than 15 ml/kg/min (with cardiorespiratory limitation) OR cor pulmonale (right heart failure) OR right ventricular hypertrophy OR pulmonary hypertension (by Echo or cardiac catheterization) OR episode(s) of acute respiratory failure OR requires outpatient oxygen therapy. For asthma (DC 6602): more than one attack per week with episodes of respiratory failure OR requires daily systemic high-dose corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medications.

Key Symptoms

  • Severe dyspnea at rest or with minimal exertion
  • Inability to perform basic activities of daily living without breathlessness
  • Continuous or near-continuous oxygen dependence
  • History of hospitalization for acute respiratory failure
  • Daily systemic corticosteroid use (prednisone, methylprednisolone)
  • Cor pulmonale or documented pulmonary hypertension
  • More than one asthma attack per week (for asthma ratings)
  • Wheezing audible at rest

CFR: 38 CFR 4.97, DC 6600: FEV-1 <40% predicted, DLCO <40% predicted, requires outpatient O2. DC 6602: daily high-dose systemic corticosteroids, >1 attack/week with respiratory failure.

60% FEV-1 of 40-55% predicted OR FEV-1/FVC of 40-55% OR DLCO of ...

FEV-1 of 40-55% predicted OR FEV-1/FVC of 40-55% OR DLCO of 40-55% predicted OR VO2 max of 15-20 ml/kg/min (with cardiorespiratory limitation). For asthma (DC 6602): at least monthly visits to a physician for required care of exacerbations OR intermittent (at least three per year) courses of systemic (oral or parenteral) corticosteroids.

Key Symptoms

  • Dyspnea with moderate exertion (e.g., walking on level ground, climbing one flight of stairs)
  • Frequent exacerbations requiring physician visits - at least monthly
  • Three or more steroid bursts (prednisone courses) per year
  • Significant limitation of daily activities
  • Productive cough, wheezing, or chest tightness most days

CFR: 38 CFR 4.97, DC 6600: FEV-1 40-55% predicted. DC 6602: at least monthly physician visits for exacerbations, or at least 3 systemic steroid courses per year.

30% FEV-1 of 56-70% predicted OR FEV-1/FVC of 56-70%. For asthma ...

FEV-1 of 56-70% predicted OR FEV-1/FVC of 56-70%. For asthma (DC 6602): daily inhalational or oral bronchodilator therapy OR inhalational anti-inflammatory medication. For chronic bronchitis (DC 6600): daily inhalational or oral bronchodilator therapy OR inhalational anti-inflammatory medication.

Key Symptoms

  • Daily use of rescue inhaler (e.g., albuterol) or long-acting bronchodilator (e.g., Spiriva, Serevent, Symbicort, Advair)
  • Daily use of inhaled corticosteroid (e.g., Flovent, Pulmicort, Asmanex)
  • Dyspnea with vigorous exertion
  • Intermittent wheezing or cough
  • Limitation of moderate physical activities

CFR: 38 CFR 4.97, DC 6602: daily inhalational bronchodilator or anti-inflammatory medication. DC 6600: same criteria apply at 30% level.

10% For asthma (DC 6602) only: FEV-1 of 71-80% predicted OR FEV- ...

For asthma (DC 6602) only: FEV-1 of 71-80% predicted OR FEV-1/FVC of 71-80% OR intermittent inhalational or oral bronchodilator therapy. Note: In the absence of clinical findings of asthma at time of examination, a verified history of asthmatic attacks must be on record.

Key Symptoms

  • Intermittent (not daily) rescue inhaler use - as needed only
  • Episodic wheezing or cough triggered by exertion, allergens, or cold air
  • Near-normal spirometry values but with documented asthma history
  • Mild functional limitation during acute episodes only

CFR: 38 CFR 4.97, DC 6602: FEV-1 71-80% predicted, intermittent bronchodilator therapy. Critical note: if no active findings at exam, documented history of attacks is required.

How to Describe Your Symptoms

Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath)

How to describe:

Be specific about what triggers your shortness of breath and how it limits you. Use MRC Dyspnea Scale language if possible: Can you walk on level ground without stopping? Do you stop after one block? Do you get winded dressing yourself? Quantify: 'I have to stop and rest after walking 50 feet on flat ground.' Describe your WORST days accurately - when symptoms spike, how long they last, and what you cannot do.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, I wake up at night unable to catch my breath. I cannot walk from my bedroom to the bathroom - about 30 feet - without stopping. I cannot shower standing up. I sat on the shower floor last Tuesday because I was too winded to stand. Getting dressed leaves me gasping for 5 minutes.”

What the examiner listens for:

Specific functional limitations tied to exertion levels, nighttime symptoms, whether symptoms are constant vs. episodic, triggers (cold air, exertion, allergens, fumes), and how symptoms affect work, sleep, and ADLs.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I get a little winded sometimes' if you mean you cannot complete normal daily tasks. Do not say 'I'm managing okay' - describe what you cannot do, not what you can tolerate. Avoid minimizing symptoms out of habit or stoicism.

Cough and Sputum Production

How to describe:

Describe frequency (daily vs. intermittent), timing (morning vs. throughout the day vs. nocturnal), and character of sputum: clear, white, yellow, green, or blood-tinged. Note if you have had purulent (infected) sputum and how many times you needed antibiotics. Distinguish between a dry cough and a productive cough. Be specific: 'I cough every morning for 20-30 minutes and bring up green phlegm. I have taken antibiotics twice this year for infected sputum.'

Worst-day example:

“On bad days I cough for an hour straight every morning, bringing up large amounts of thick yellow-green mucus. The coughing gives me headaches and has caused me to vomit. At night the coughing wakes me up every two hours.”

What the examiner listens for:

Productive vs. dry cough, purulent sputum indicating chronic infection, hemoptysis (blood in sputum), frequency requiring antibiotic treatment, and whether the chronic cough meets bronchiectasis-level severity.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not omit blood-tinged sputum - report it accurately. Do not say 'just a cough' when it wakes you at night or is productive daily. Do not forget to mention antibiotic courses taken in the past 12 months.

Exacerbations and Acute Episodes

How to describe:

Provide a timeline: how many acute flares in the past 12 months, what triggered them, what treatment was required (steroid burst, antibiotics, ER visit, hospitalization, intubation), and how long recovery took. The VA specifically looks at physician visit frequency and steroid burst frequency for 60% and 100% asthma ratings.

Worst-day example:

“In the past year I had four severe asthma attacks. In March I went to the emergency room and was given IV steroids and nebulizer treatments for three hours. In July I was admitted to the hospital overnight with oxygen saturation dropping to 88%. I have had four courses of prednisone in the last 12 months.”

What the examiner listens for:

Number of exacerbations in the past year, whether they required systemic steroids, ER or urgent care visits, hospitalizations, how long between attacks, and whether attacks resulted in any residual impairment.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I had a few bad episodes' - give specific dates, treatments received, and whether you went to the ER or hospital. Bring your prescription records showing steroid prescriptions and dates filled.

Medication Requirements

How to describe:

List every respiratory medication you take - name, dose, frequency, and how long you have been on it. Distinguish between rescue inhalers (used as needed) and controller medications (used daily). Specifically mention if you take oral prednisone or other systemic corticosteroids, even intermittently. The DBQ specifically asks about inhalational bronchodilators, inhalational anti-inflammatory medications, oral bronchodilators, and systemic corticosteroids.

Worst-day example:

“I take Symbicort (budesonide/formoterol) twice daily every day, Spiriva once daily, and albuterol rescue inhaler 4-6 times per day on bad days. I have been on prednisone four times in the past year for 5-10 day courses. My doctor also prescribed a nebulizer machine that I use at home every night.”

What the examiner listens for:

Daily vs. intermittent bronchodilator use, presence of inhaled corticosteroids, any systemic corticosteroid use (oral or injectable), immunosuppressive medications, and outpatient oxygen therapy requirements.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not forget to list nebulizer treatments - they count as bronchodilator therapy. Do not omit steroid bursts you received in urgent care or the ER. Do not say medications are 'working fine' without clarifying what your baseline symptoms are even with medication.

Functional Impact on Work and Daily Life

How to describe:

Describe specifically what you cannot do because of your breathing condition. Use concrete examples: cannot walk up stairs, cannot mow the lawn, had to stop working, cannot carry groceries, must sleep upright, cannot attend smoke-filled environments, cannot tolerate cold or dusty environments. Link each limitation directly to your respiratory symptoms.

Worst-day example:

“I had to stop working as a construction foreman because dust and exertion triggered severe attacks. I now work a sedentary desk job but even that is interrupted when coworkers wear perfume or when the building's HVAC system recirculates dust. I cannot attend my children's outdoor sporting events in the cold. I miss approximately two days of work per month due to exacerbations.”

What the examiner listens for:

Specific occupational limitations, social and recreational restrictions, ADL impairments, sleep disturbance, and whether the condition has caused job loss or change in employment.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I just can't do as much as before.' Be specific. Do not omit missed work days or job changes. Do not describe only what you can do - describe what you have had to give up or modify.

Sleep Disturbance and Nocturnal Symptoms

How to describe:

Describe nighttime awakenings due to cough, wheezing, or breathlessness. Note if you sleep in a recliner or propped up on pillows to breathe more easily. Mention nocturnal oxygen use if applicable. Track how many nights per week you are awakened.

Worst-day example:

“I wake up 3-4 times per night coughing or unable to breathe. I sleep in my recliner three nights per week because lying flat makes it worse. My wife reports I often wheeze loudly through the night. I wake up exhausted every morning regardless of how long I was in bed.”

What the examiner listens for:

Orthopnea (inability to lie flat), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, nocturnal cough, sleep fragmentation, and fatigue as a consequence of sleep disruption.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not omit sleep problems - they directly relate to the severity and 24-hour impact of the condition. Do not say 'I sleep okay' if you wake up regularly with respiratory symptoms.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Prep Checklist

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Before Your Exam

Day Of

During the Exam

After the Exam

Your Rights During a C&P Exam

  • You have the right to have a representative (VSO, attorney, or claims agent) present at your C&P exam.
  • You have the right to audio or video record your C&P exam in most states - check your state's consent laws and notify the examiner before recording begins.
  • You have the right to request a copy of the completed DBQ and exam report through VA.gov or by written request to the VA Regional Office.
  • You have the right to submit additional evidence - including private medical records, buddy statements, and independent medical opinions - at any point in the claims process.
  • You have the right to request a new or supplemental examination if the original exam was inadequate, incomplete, or failed to address all claimed conditions.
  • You have the right to challenge an exam that was conducted without required pulmonary function testing - 38 CFR 4.96 generally requires PFTs for respiratory disability evaluations.
  • You have the right to a rating based on your worst-day level of severity and the full range of your symptoms, not just your condition at the moment of examination.
  • You have the right to be rated under the most favorable diagnostic code applicable to your condition under the benefit-of-the-doubt standard (38 CFR 4.7).
  • You have the right to an examination conducted by a qualified medical professional - if you believe the examiner lacked competency in pulmonary medicine, you may raise this concern in a Notice of Disagreement.
  • You have the right to submit a lay statement (VA Form 21-4138 or a personal statement) describing your symptoms, functional limitations, and how your condition has changed over time.
  • Under the benefit-of-the-doubt standard (38 U.S.C. 5107), when there is an approximate balance of positive and negative evidence, the VA must resolve the question in your favor.
  • You have the right to request that the VA obtain any relevant records in its possession, including service treatment records, VA medical records, and records from other federal agencies.

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This C&P exam preparation guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, medical, or claims advice. Always consult with a qualified Veterans Service Organization (VSO) representative or VA-accredited attorney for guidance specific to your claim. Never exaggerate, minimize, or fabricate symptoms during a C&P examination.