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C&P Exam Prep: Muscle Group III Injury (Shoulder - Deltoid / Triceps)

DC 5303 musculoskeletal 38 CFR 4.73

DBQ Overview

Interview + Physical
Form Name
Muscle_Injuries
Form Code
Muscle_Injuries
Page Count
12
Examiner Type
Orthopedic Surgeon, Physiatrist, or appropriate clinician
Estimated Duration
30-60 minutes
Exam Format
Interview + Physical

What to Expect During Your Exam

Exam Overview

To evaluate the current severity of service-connected or claimed muscle group injury to the deltoid and/or triceps (Muscle Group III, per 38 CFR 4.73, DC 5303), including functional loss, strength deficits, atrophy, scar characteristics, and impact on occupational and daily activities.

What the examiner evaluates:

  • Identity and extent of affected muscle group(s) - specifically Group III intrinsic shoulder girdle muscles including deltoid, pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, and teres major
  • Presence and severity of scar characteristics including entrance/exit wounds, adhesion, ragged/depressed adherent scars, and loss of deep fascia
  • Muscle strength testing using Medical Research Council (MRC) 0-5 scale for shoulder and elbow movements
  • Range of motion of the shoulder with notation of pain, fatigue, weakness, incoordination, and flare-ups (DeLuca factors)
  • Visible or measurable muscle atrophy with circumferential measurements bilaterally
  • Functional impairment including weakness, loss of power, fatigue, impairment of coordination, and uncertainty of movement
  • Impact on occupational functioning and activities of daily living
  • Presence of retained foreign bodies (shrapnel, fragments) via X-ray evidence
  • Use of assistive devices related to the muscle injury
  • History of treatment including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and other therapeutic procedures

Exam will include both a structured interview about your history and functional limitations and a hands-on physical examination of the shoulder and upper extremity. Bring all relevant treatment records, imaging reports, and any buddy statements. You have the right to request that the exam be recorded in most states.

Typical duration: 30-60 minutes

Manual Muscle Testing (MRC Scale 0-5) - Shoulder Abduction (Deltoid)

Motor strength of the deltoid muscle, the primary mover for shoulder abduction. Grades: 5=Normal, 4=Active movement against some resistance, 3=Active movement against gravity only, 2=Active movement with gravity eliminated, 1=Flicker of contraction, 0=No contraction.

What to expect:

Examiner will ask you to raise your arm out to the side against resistance. They will compare bilaterally. Testing occurs at the shoulder (RG_4E_SHOULD_RIGHT/LEFT_5_4_3_2_1_0).

Key thresholds:

  • Grade 3 or below — Supports moderate-to-severe disability rating; grade 3 means you cannot resist any external force - only gravity
  • Grade 4 — Active movement against some resistance - supports moderate disability
  • Grade 5 — Normal strength - may limit rating unless other DeLuca factors apply

Tips:

  • Test on your worst day or after activity - if you come in rested you may temporarily perform better than your baseline
  • Inform the examiner if the test itself causes pain, weakness, or fatigue that would not normally allow you to complete the motion
  • Ask the examiner to note any pain during testing and any rapid decline with repeated effort

Pain considerations: Pain during or after testing is a separate compensable factor under DeLuca. Explicitly state if shoulder abduction causes sharp, burning, or aching pain and whether this pain increases with repeated use.

Manual Muscle Testing (MRC Scale 0-5) - Elbow Extension (Triceps)

Motor strength of the triceps brachii, the primary elbow extensor and a key component of Muscle Group III. Grades follow same MRC scale.

What to expect:

Examiner will test your ability to straighten your elbow against resistance with the arm in various positions. Recorded at RG_4E_ELBOW_RIGHT/LEFT_5_4_3_2_1_0 and RG_Elbow_EXT_RIGHT/LEFT_5_4_3_2_1_0.

Key thresholds:

  • Grade 3 or below — Significant loss of elbow extension power; supports higher rating tiers
  • Grade 4 — Reduced resistance capacity - moderate functional impairment
  • Full grade 5 — Normal, but DeLuca factors for fatigue and pain may still support rating

Tips:

  • If you cannot fully extend your elbow due to weakness or pain, tell the examiner clearly
  • Note whether weakness worsens with repeated use - this is the DeLuca repetitive-use factor
  • Describe any tasks you can no longer perform due to elbow extension weakness, such as pushing open doors or pressing overhead

Pain considerations: Triceps weakness combined with pain on extension is a critical combination. Describe the quality, location, and radiation of pain and how many repetitions before significant pain or fatigue develops.

Circumferential Muscle Atrophy Measurement

Objective measurement of muscle bulk loss in the deltoid and arm, comparing the affected side to the unaffected side. A measurable difference indicates visible or measurable atrophy per the DBQ.

What to expect:

Examiner uses a tape measure at standardized anatomical landmarks (e.g., mid-deltoid, mid-upper arm) to compare bilateral circumference. Recorded at DBQ fields for atrophied side (field _394) and normal side (field _393).

Key thresholds:

  • Any measurable difference — Supports the checkbox for visible or measurable atrophy - a key indicator for moderate-to-severe ratings
  • Visible flattening of deltoid contour — Visible atrophy even without measurement supports disability finding

Tips:

  • Point out any visible hollowing or flattening of the deltoid or posterior arm if present
  • If atrophy fluctuates with activity, describe this to the examiner
  • Bring prior measurement data from physical therapy notes if available

Pain considerations: Atrophy itself is not typically painful, but associated weakness leads to compensatory patterns that cause pain in adjacent structures. Describe any pain or fatigue resulting from compensating with other muscles.

Shoulder Range of Motion (Active and Passive)

Functional arc of shoulder movement including forward flexion, abduction, internal and external rotation, and extension. Under DeLuca/Correia requirements, both active and passive ROM must be tested, and the examiner must note whether pain, fatigue, weakness, or incoordination causes additional functional loss beyond the measured ROM.

What to expect:

Examiner uses a goniometer to measure degrees of movement. You will be asked to move your arm actively, then the examiner will move it passively. Pain behavior, endpoint pain, and any painful arc must be noted.

Key thresholds:

  • Forward flexion limited to 90- or less — Significant functional limitation; supports higher rating under companion DC 5201 if separately rated
  • Abduction limited to 90- or less — Moderate-to-severe impairment; deltoid weakness directly limits abduction arc
  • Active ROM significantly less than passive ROM — Indicates true muscle weakness or pain inhibition - critical finding for DC 5303

Tips:

  • Perform ROM at your actual functional level - do not push through severe pain to achieve maximum degrees just for the test
  • Inform the examiner if your ROM is worse after activity or at end of day
  • Ask the examiner to note the DeLuca factors: does pain limit the motion? Does fatigue reduce it after repetition? Does weakness prevent full arc?
  • If you have flare-ups, describe how ROM is affected during a flare compared to your exam-day presentation

Pain considerations: Under DeLuca v. Brown, functional loss due to pain must be considered even if the measured ROM appears relatively preserved. State clearly: 'I cannot raise my arm past this point without significant pain' and describe the pain quality and level on a 0-10 scale.

Scar and Wound Track Assessment

Character of scars related to the muscle injury, including whether scars are minimal, have entrance/exit characteristics, are ragged/depressed/adherent, show adhesion to bone (scapula), or indicate wide damage to the muscle belly. This directly affects rating under 38 CFR 4.73.

What to expect:

Examiner will visually inspect and palpate all scars in the shoulder/posterior arm region. They will assess size, adherence, depth, and relationship to underlying structures. Fields include _175 through _187 and _181.

Key thresholds:

  • Ragged, depressed, adherent scars indicating wide damage — Supports severe (40-50%) disability criteria
  • Adhesion of scar to bone (scapula) — Significant finding supporting moderate-to-severe rating
  • Loss of deep fascia — Supports moderate disability finding
  • Minimal scars only — Supports mild (10%) rating tier

Tips:

  • Point out all scars including those from surgery related to the injury
  • Describe any functional limitation caused by scar tethering - e.g., pulling sensation that limits arm movement
  • Note any keloid formation, hypersensitivity, or chronic irritation of scar tissue

Pain considerations: Adherent or tethered scars can cause pain with shoulder movement. Describe whether the scar pulls, burns, or causes sharp pain during specific shoulder motions.

Estimate

Rating Criteria Breakdown

40% Severe disability: In addition to moderately severe findings ...

Severe disability: In addition to moderately severe findings, marked atrophy of muscle groups not in the track of the missile (neurogenic atrophy), tests of endurance or coordinated movements show marked impairment, adhesion of scar to bone, uncertainty of movement, and findings approaching those of complete paralysis of the muscle group.

Key Symptoms

  • Marked atrophy of muscle groups beyond direct wound track (neurogenic component)
  • MRC Grade 1-2 or near-paralytic strength in shoulder/elbow
  • Adhesion of scar to scapula or humerus
  • Severe uncertainty of movement - cannot predict limb position
  • Tests of endurance show marked impairment within seconds to minutes
  • Atrophy of muscles not directly in missile track
  • Near-complete loss of functional use of shoulder or posterior arm
  • Significant impact on employment - cannot perform overhead work, lifting, carrying

CFR: Severe blast or high-velocity wound to shoulder with near-complete deltoid paralysis; scar adherent to scapula limiting scapulothoracic motion; cannot perform any overhead activity; cannot carry objects with affected limb; Grade 1 shoulder abduction.

30% Moderately severe disability: Ragged, depressed, and adheren ...

Moderately severe disability: Ragged, depressed, and adherent scars indicating wide damage to muscle group; induration or atrophy of an entire muscle; adaptive contraction of opposing muscle group; visible or measurable atrophy; loss of power; weakness; impaired coordination; lowered fatigue threshold; pain.

Key Symptoms

  • Ragged, depressed, adherent scars indicating wide muscle damage
  • Induration or atrophy of entire deltoid or triceps muscle
  • Adaptive contraction of opposing muscles (e.g., biceps overuse)
  • Visible or measurable atrophy with circumferential difference
  • MRC Grade 2-3 shoulder abduction or elbow extension
  • Loss of power - inability to perform against gravity
  • Impairment of coordination
  • Lowered fatigue threshold on minimal activity
  • Pain on rest or with minimal movement
  • Significant ADL limitations

CFR: Blast injury to shoulder with wide deltoid destruction; visible deltoid hollowing with 2 cm circumferential difference; cannot lift arm against gravity without compensating with trapezius; elbow extension Grade 2 requiring gravity elimination.

20% Moderate disability: Entrance and exit scars indicating trac ...

Moderate disability: Entrance and exit scars indicating track of missile through important muscle groups with some loss of substance; some impairment of muscle tonus, strength deficit (Grade 3-4), some loss of deep fascia, soft flabby muscles in wound area, or some loss of muscle substance.

Key Symptoms

  • Scars indicating missile track through deltoid or triceps
  • MRC Grade 3-4 shoulder abduction or elbow extension
  • Some loss of deep fascia
  • Soft or flabby muscles in wound area
  • Weakness causing functional limitation
  • Lowered threshold of fatigue on normal activities
  • Pain and fatigue on use

CFR: Gunshot wound track through deltoid with palpable muscle defect; surgical debridement with remaining soft flabby muscle tissue; overhead lifting now limited to 5 lbs on affected side.

10% Slight disability: Entrance and exit scars are small or line ...

Slight disability: Entrance and exit scars are small or linear indicating minimal muscle damage; no significant loss of function. Muscle strength is essentially normal (Grade 5) or shows only minimal weakness. No significant atrophy or loss of substance.

Key Symptoms

  • Small or linear entrance/exit scars
  • MRC Grade 4-5 shoulder/elbow strength
  • Minimal or no atrophy
  • Pain present but not significantly limiting ROM or strength
  • Lowered threshold of fatigue only on exertion

CFR: Penetrating wound with minimal soft tissue disruption; surgical scar from exploratory procedure with normal healing and preserved deltoid function.

How to Describe Your Symptoms

Pain - Quality, Location, Radiation

How to describe:

Describe the pain using specific language: location (anterior deltoid, lateral shoulder, posterior arm), quality (burning, stabbing, aching, throbbing), intensity (0-10 scale), and whether it radiates down the arm. Specify what makes it better and worse, and whether it is present at rest or only with activity.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, I wake up with a constant 7/10 burning ache across my entire left shoulder that radiates down the back of my arm to my elbow. Even resting my arm at my side causes a dull throb. Any attempt to lift my arm above waist level causes a sharp 9/10 stabbing pain that makes me drop whatever I am holding.”

What the examiner listens for:

Specific pain descriptors that correlate with DBQ fields for fatigue/pain (field _228); clear worst-day reporting; pain at rest versus with activity; pain that limits ROM beyond what is measurable; pain that increases with repeated use (DeLuca repetitive-use factor).

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'it hurts a little' or 'I manage okay.' Do not minimize pain to appear stoic. The examiner documents what you report. If you underreport, the DBQ will reflect a lower severity than your actual condition.

Weakness and Loss of Power

How to describe:

Describe specific tasks you cannot do or can no longer do reliably due to weakness: lifting objects overhead, carrying groceries, pushing open a heavy door, reaching across your body, brushing your hair on the affected side, or pressing your arm against resistance. Give concrete weight limits and distance limits.

Worst-day example:

“I cannot lift my left arm above shoulder height without the arm shaking and giving out. I cannot carry anything heavier than a half-full coffee cup with my left arm. When I try to push a door open, my arm buckles. I have dropped things at the grocery store because my arm suddenly loses power without warning.”

What the examiner listens for:

Specific functional limitations tied to deltoid (abduction, flexion) and triceps (elbow extension) weakness; whether Grade 3, 2, or 1 strength descriptions match reported functional loss; ADL limitations that can be corroborated by treating records.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I have some weakness' without quantifying it. Do not demonstrate more strength during testing than you actually have on a regular basis - inform the examiner if testing day performance is better than typical.

Fatigue and Lowered Fatigue Threshold

How to describe:

Describe how quickly your shoulder and arm fatigue with use. Provide specific timeframes: how many repetitions before weakness sets in, how many minutes of use before you must stop, how long it takes to recover. This is the DeLuca repetitive-use and post-exercise fatigue factor.

Worst-day example:

“After folding laundry for five minutes using my left arm, the shoulder becomes so fatigued that I have to sit down for thirty minutes before I can use it again. At work, I used to be able to type for hours; now after fifteen minutes my left arm aches and fatigues so badly I have to rest it. Even holding a phone to my ear for more than two minutes causes significant fatigue and aching.”

What the examiner listens for:

Time-to-fatigue data; recovery time required; impact on sustained occupational activities; whether fatigue threshold is lowered on normal daily activities versus only strenuous exertion (supports DBQ field _219 versus more severe functional loss fields).

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I get tired sometimes.' Give the examiner specific numbers - minutes of activity, number of repetitions, hours of recovery needed. Vague fatigue descriptions are frequently under-documented.

Impairment of Coordination and Uncertainty of Movement

How to describe:

If you experience tremor, unsteadiness, or inability to guide your arm to a target accurately, describe this specifically. Uncertainty of movement means you cannot reliably place your hand where you intend. Describe whether you have dropped objects, misjudged distances, or felt that your arm 'moves on its own.'

Worst-day example:

“When I try to reach for a cup on a shelf, my arm shakes and I frequently knock things over because I cannot guide my hand accurately. I have burned myself on the stove because my arm jerked unexpectedly when I was stirring a pot. I cannot pour liquid into a container with my left hand because the tremor and uncertainty make it too dangerous.”

What the examiner listens for:

Descriptions that support DBQ fields for impairment of coordination (field _236) and uncertainty of movement (field _244); these findings support the 40% severe rating tier and must be clearly documented with functional examples.

Understatements to avoid:

Veterans often do not report coordination problems because they have adapted. If you have changed how you do things because your arm is unreliable, describe both the original limitation AND the adaptation.

Flare-Ups

How to describe:

Describe what triggers flare-ups, how often they occur, how long they last, and what additional functional loss occurs during a flare. Flare-ups are a key DeLuca factor and must be reported even if you are not in a flare on exam day.

Worst-day example:

“About three times a week I have a flare where the shoulder swells up and becomes so painful I cannot use my arm at all for 24 to 48 hours. During a flare I cannot dress myself on that side, I cannot cook, and I cannot sleep on that side even with pillows. The flare is usually triggered by any overhead activity or carrying anything heavier than a few pounds the previous day.”

What the examiner listens for:

Trigger identification; frequency and duration; additional ROM or strength loss during flare; impact on ADLs during flare; this information should be clearly conveyed to the examiner as your worst-day condition per M21-1 guidance.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I am doing okay today' without adding context about flare frequency. The examiner sees you on one day - you must volunteer worst-day information proactively.

Impact on Occupation and Daily Activities

How to describe:

Be specific about how the shoulder and arm injury limits work tasks, household tasks, recreational activities, and self-care. The DBQ field _509 asks the examiner to document the functional impact of the injury. Your reported history directly informs this field.

Worst-day example:

“I had to leave my job as a warehouse worker because I can no longer lift or carry. I now work a desk job but even that is limited because I cannot use my left arm on the keyboard for more than short periods. At home, my spouse helps me dress, I cannot mow the lawn, I cannot carry groceries, and I cannot play with my children because I am afraid of my arm giving out and dropping them.”

What the examiner listens for:

Specific occupational and ADL limitations that can be connected to the DC 5303 impairments; loss of prior employment; need for assistance with self-care; use of adaptive strategies or assistive devices.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I get by.' The question is not whether you survive - it is how much functional capacity you have lost. Describe what you used to be able to do versus what you can do now.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Prep Checklist

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Before Your Exam

Day Of

During the Exam

After the Exam

Your Rights During a C&P Exam

  • You have the right to be examined in person by a qualified clinician for a new claim or increase - a records-only review is only appropriate in specific limited circumstances.
  • You have the right to request a copy of the completed DBQ and all examination-related documents through your VSO or directly from the VA.
  • You have the right to submit a personal statement (VA Form 21-4138) or lay evidence describing your symptoms, and this evidence must be considered by the VA rater.
  • You have the right to submit buddy statements from family members, coworkers, or fellow veterans who have observed your functional limitations.
  • You have the right to request a new or additional C&P examination if the original exam was inadequate, incomplete, or clearly contrary to your documented medical history.
  • You have the right to audio or video record your C&P examination in states where recording is permitted under state law - check your state's one-party or two-party consent laws before the exam.
  • You have the right to have a VSO representative, accredited claims agent, or attorney accompany you to the C&P exam as a witness, though they typically may not speak on your behalf during the examination itself.
  • You have the right to appeal any rating decision through the Supplemental Claim lane (new and relevant evidence), the Higher-Level Review lane (review by a senior rater), or the Board of Veterans' Appeals (BVA).
  • You have the right to have the VA apply the benefit of the doubt standard - when evidence is in approximate balance, it must be resolved in your favor.
  • You have the right to be treated respectfully and to have the exam conducted thoroughly - if the examiner is dismissive, rushes through the exam, or refuses to document reported symptoms, document this and raise it with your VSO.
  • You have the right to a fully explained rating decision - the VA must explain what evidence was considered and why a particular rating was assigned, allowing you to identify errors for appeal.

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This C&P exam preparation guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, medical, or claims advice. Always consult with a qualified Veterans Service Organization (VSO) representative or VA-accredited attorney for guidance specific to your claim. Never exaggerate, minimize, or fabricate symptoms during a C&P examination.