Skip to main content
Estimate

These guides are AI-generated educational summaries — not legal or medical advice.

C&P Exam Prep: Fibromyalgia

DC 5025 musculoskeletal 38 CFR 4.71a

DBQ Overview

Interview + Physical
Form Name
Fibromyalgia
Form Code
Fibromyalgia
Page Count
7
Examiner Type
Rheumatologist or Physician
Estimated Duration
30-45 minutes
Exam Format
Interview + Physical

What to Expect During Your Exam

Exam Overview

To evaluate the nature, severity, and functional impact of fibromyalgia for VA disability rating purposes under 38 CFR 4.71a, DC 5025. The examiner will determine whether you meet diagnostic criteria, document tender point findings, assess associated symptoms, and evaluate how your condition affects your daily functioning and ability to work.

What the examiner evaluates:

  • Presence and distribution of widespread musculoskeletal pain (bilateral, above and below waist, axial)
  • Number and location of tender points out of the 18 classic ACR tender point sites
  • Associated symptoms including fatigue, sleep disturbance, stiffness, paresthesias, headache, depression, anxiety, irritable bowel symptoms, Raynaud-like symptoms, and muscle weakness
  • Frequency of symptoms: episodic with exacerbations, present more than one-third of the time, or constant/nearly constant
  • Whether symptoms are precipitated by environmental or emotional stressors
  • Functional impact on work, daily activities, and quality of life
  • Current medications required to manage fibromyalgia symptoms
  • Use of assistive devices (canes, braces, walker, crutches, wheelchair)
  • Co-existing diagnosed conditions that may be secondary to fibromyalgia
  • History, onset, and course of the condition including any in-service connection

The examination will typically involve a seated interview followed by a physical tender point assessment. The examiner will apply approximately 4 kg of pressure (enough to blanch the thumbnail) to each of the 18 ACR tender point sites bilaterally. You should be wearing comfortable, accessible clothing. The examiner may also review your medical records prior to or during the examination. If the exam is conducted via telehealth, notify the examiner that a physical tender point assessment is required and cannot be fully replicated remotely. You have the right to request that the exam be recorded in most states.

Typical duration: 30-45 minutes

Tender Point Assessment (ACR 18-Point Examination)

Presence of pain at specific anatomical sites when moderate pressure (approximately 4 kg/cm-) is applied. The 18 classic tender point sites are: bilateral occiput (suboccipital muscle insertions), bilateral low cervical (anterior aspects of intertransverse spaces C5-C7), bilateral trapezius (midpoint of upper border), bilateral supraspinatus (above medial border of scapula), bilateral second rib (at second costochondral junction), bilateral lateral epicondyle (2 cm distal to epicondyle), bilateral gluteal (upper outer quadrant of buttocks), bilateral greater trochanter (posterior to trochanteric prominence), and bilateral knee (medial fat pad proximal to joint line).

What to expect:

The examiner will press firmly on each of the 18 sites with their thumb or a pressure algometer. They will ask whether each site is painful - not just tender or uncomfortable. You should verbally confirm 'Yes, that is painful' or 'No, that is not painful' clearly for each site. Do not minimize your response. The examiner will indicate on the DBQ whether each bilateral site is positive and whether findings are bilateral.

Key thresholds:

  • 11 or more of 18 tender points positive (historic ACR 1990 criteria) — Supports diagnosis; however, VA uses its own criteria for rating - the number and severity of positive tender points inform symptom frequency and functional impact ratings
  • Widespread pain plus associated symptoms present more than one-third of time — Supports 20% rating under DC 5025
  • Widespread pain plus associated symptoms that are constant or nearly constant, or that produce marked limitation of daily activities — Supports 40% rating under DC 5025

Tips:

  • Do not brace or hold your breath during the exam - allow your natural pain response to occur
  • If a tender point is painful, say 'Yes, that is painful' clearly and distinctly
  • If you are having a better day than usual at the time of the exam, tell the examiner: 'This is not my typical day - on my worst days my pain is significantly more severe'
  • Mention any tender points you experience that are not formally tested if they affect your daily function
  • Report if the pressure causes referred pain or radiating discomfort beyond the point of contact

Pain considerations: Fibromyalgia tender point pain is characteristically allodynic - normal pressure causes disproportionate pain. If you experience severe pain with even light touch at tender point sites on your worst days, describe this to the examiner. Per DeLuca v. Brown, the examiner must also address functional limitations that occur during flare-ups and with repeated use over time, not only what is observed during the exam itself. Proactively describe how your pain changes with activity, stress, weather changes, and over the course of a day.

Functional Impact and Activity Limitation Assessment

How fibromyalgia symptoms limit your ability to perform daily activities, maintain employment, and engage in personal care, mobility, and social functioning. The DBQ requires the examiner to describe functional impact for all conditions present.

What to expect:

The examiner will ask open-ended questions about what you can and cannot do. They may ask about your ability to walk, climb stairs, lift objects, sit for prolonged periods, concentrate, sleep, and work. Be specific and use concrete examples. Do not give general answers like 'it hurts' - describe which activities you cannot complete and why.

Key thresholds:

  • Marked limitation of daily activities — Key factor supporting 40% rating; document specific activities you cannot perform or can only perform with significant difficulty or pain
  • Moderate limitation of daily activities — Supports 20% rating; symptoms present more than one-third of the time

Tips:

  • Prepare a written list of activities you can no longer perform or have had to modify because of fibromyalgia
  • Include occupational impacts: missed workdays, inability to maintain employment, need for accommodations
  • Include social and recreational impacts: activities you have given up
  • Describe morning stiffness duration and how it affects your ability to start your day
  • Describe post-exertional malaise - how you feel the day after physical or mental exertion

Pain considerations: Per M21-1 and DeLuca v. Brown, the examiner must consider functional limitations during flare-ups and with repeated use, not just at the time of exam. Tell the examiner: 'After I do [activity], I experience a flare that lasts [duration] and I cannot function normally for [time period].'

Associated Symptoms Review

The presence and severity of the constellation of symptoms commonly associated with fibromyalgia, including fatigue, sleep disturbances, stiffness, paresthesias, headache, depression, anxiety, irritable bowel symptoms, Raynaud-like symptoms, and muscle weakness. These are documented on the DBQ and directly influence rating level.

What to expect:

The examiner will ask about each symptom category or check boxes on the DBQ. Be prepared to describe each symptom you experience in detail, including frequency, severity, and impact. Do not wait to be asked - if the examiner does not ask about a symptom you have, volunteer the information.

Key thresholds:

  • Multiple associated symptoms present constantly or nearly constantly — Supports 40% rating; demonstrates pervasive functional impairment
  • Associated symptoms present more than one-third of time — Supports 20% rating
  • Symptoms precipitated by environmental or emotional stressors — Relevant to rating; demonstrates episodic nature and identifies triggers that worsen condition

Tips:

  • Prepare descriptions of each symptom category before the exam: fatigue level (1-10), sleep quality, stiffness duration, numbness/tingling locations, headache frequency and severity
  • Note whether symptoms are worse with stress, weather changes, physical activity, or poor sleep
  • If you have been separately diagnosed with depression, anxiety, headaches, or IBS, note those diagnoses - they may be rated separately under M21-1 guidance
  • Document how fatigue impacts your cognitive function (fibro fog) and describe specific examples
  • If you use any assistive devices, bring them to the exam

Pain considerations: Fatigue in fibromyalgia is not ordinary tiredness - it is often described as profound exhaustion that is not relieved by rest. Muscle weakness in fibromyalgia can affect grip strength, the ability to carry objects, and the ability to sustain physical activity. Describe each of these in functional terms: 'I can only walk one block before I need to rest due to fatigue and pain.'

Estimate

Rating Criteria Breakdown

40% With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with ...

With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with or without associated symptoms, that are constant or nearly constant and that refractory to therapy.

Key Symptoms

  • Widespread musculoskeletal pain present constantly or nearly constantly
  • Tender points present constantly or nearly constantly
  • Symptoms refractory (not responding adequately) to treatment
  • Marked limitation of daily activities
  • Fatigue that is constant or nearly constant
  • Sleep disturbances that are constant or nearly constant
  • Multiple associated symptoms (headache, depression, anxiety, IBS, paresthesias, Raynaud-like symptoms) present constantly or nearly constantly
  • Inability to maintain gainful employment due to symptoms

CFR: 38 CFR 4.71a, DC 5025: 40% - With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with or without associated symptoms, that are constant or nearly constant and refractory to therapy.

20% With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with ...

With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with or without associated symptoms, that are present more than one-third of the time.

Key Symptoms

  • Widespread musculoskeletal pain present more than one-third of the time
  • Tender points positive on examination
  • Episodic flare-ups occurring regularly
  • Associated symptoms present more than one-third of the time
  • Fatigue that affects daily function intermittently
  • Sleep disturbances occurring more than one-third of nights
  • Partial response to therapy
  • Moderate limitation of daily activities during symptomatic periods

CFR: 38 CFR 4.71a, DC 5025: 20% - With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with or without associated symptoms, that are present more than one-third of the time.

10% With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with ...

With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with or without associated symptoms, that are episodic, present less than one-third of the time.

Key Symptoms

  • Widespread musculoskeletal pain present less than one-third of the time
  • Episodic tender point pain
  • Associated symptoms mild or infrequent
  • Reasonable response to therapy
  • Minimal limitation of daily activities
  • Symptoms manageable with current medications

CFR: 38 CFR 4.71a, DC 5025: 10% - With widespread musculoskeletal pain and tender points, with or without associated symptoms, that are episodic, present less than one-third of the time.

How to Describe Your Symptoms

Widespread Musculoskeletal Pain

How to describe:

Describe your pain as affecting multiple regions of your body simultaneously - both sides, above and below the waist, and in the spine or chest wall. Use specific anatomical language: 'I have pain in my neck, shoulders, upper back, lower back, hips, and legs - it is on both sides and it does not go away.' Describe the quality (burning, aching, stabbing, throbbing), intensity (use a 0-10 scale), and how it changes throughout the day and with activity.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, which occur approximately [X times per week/month], I wake up in severe pain rated 8-9 out of 10 across my entire body. My muscles feel like they have been bruised even without injury. I cannot lift my arms above my head, I cannot grip objects tightly, and walking to the bathroom requires significant effort. The pain is present from the moment I wake up and does not subside even after rest or medication.”

What the examiner listens for:

The examiner is determining whether pain is truly 'widespread' per VA definition (bilateral, above and below waist, axial), how frequently it occurs, and whether it is refractory to treatment. They will note whether you describe constant versus episodic pain, as this directly determines the rating level.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I manage' or 'It's not that bad today' without also describing your typical or worst-day experience. Do not minimize pain by saying 'I take medication and it helps some' without also describing residual limitations even with medication.

Fatigue

How to describe:

Describe fatigue as a pervasive, non-restorative exhaustion that is not relieved by sleep or rest. Differentiate it from ordinary tiredness: 'Even after 8 hours of sleep, I wake up feeling as though I did not sleep at all. By mid-morning, I am so fatigued that I cannot concentrate or complete basic tasks.' Describe the impact on your ability to work, maintain a household, and care for yourself.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, I cannot get out of bed before noon because of exhaustion. Even simple activities like showering or preparing a meal leave me completely depleted and I must rest for 1-2 hours afterward. I have had to stop working because I cannot sustain 8 hours of activity even in a sedentary job due to my fatigue.”

What the examiner listens for:

The examiner is assessing whether fatigue is a present, documented associated symptom of your fibromyalgia and whether it contributes to limitation of daily activities. The DBQ has a specific checkbox for fatigue - ensure the examiner checks it if you experience it.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not confuse fatigue with sleepiness - they are different. Do not say 'I'm tired sometimes' - describe the functional impact in terms of what you cannot do because of fatigue. Avoid saying 'I push through it' without describing the cost of pushing through (increased pain, worsened symptoms the next day).

Sleep Disturbances

How to describe:

Describe the nature of your sleep disturbance: difficulty falling asleep due to pain, frequent awakening due to pain or discomfort, non-restorative sleep (waking unrefreshed), or early morning awakening. Note how many nights per week are affected and the downstream functional impact.

Worst-day example:

“I wake up 3-5 times per night because the pain in my hips and shoulders becomes unbearable when I stay in one position. Even when I do sleep, I do not feel rested in the morning. I have had chronic non-restorative sleep for [X years] which makes my pain and fatigue significantly worse during the day.”

What the examiner listens for:

Sleep disturbance is a specific checkbox on the DBQ and is a recognized associated symptom of fibromyalgia. The examiner will note whether it is present and how frequently. This symptom, in combination with others, supports higher rating levels when constant or nearly constant.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I just don't sleep well' - be specific about the pattern, frequency, and the relationship to your fibromyalgia pain. Do not omit this symptom even if you use sleep aids, because the need for medication to manage symptoms is itself evidence of severity.

Stiffness

How to describe:

Describe morning stiffness in terms of duration and severity: 'Every morning I wake up with severe stiffness throughout my entire body that lasts approximately [X] hours before I can move normally. I cannot make a fist, turn my head fully, or bend over until the stiffness partially resolves.' Note whether stiffness also occurs after prolonged sitting or inactivity.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, my morning stiffness lasts 3-4 hours and I am unable to dress myself without assistance. I have to sit on the edge of the bed for 20-30 minutes before I can stand safely. After sitting at a table for more than 30 minutes, I become stiff and need several minutes to loosen up before I can walk.”

What the examiner listens for:

Stiffness is a checked symptom on the DBQ. The examiner will note its presence and the description will be captured in the narrative fields. This is a DeLuca factor - stiffness that worsens with repeated use or prolonged positioning is relevant to functional loss assessment.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not omit stiffness simply because it eventually resolves. The duration of morning stiffness (especially when it exceeds 1 hour) is medically significant. Do not say 'I'm a little stiff in the morning' - quantify the time and describe the functional limitations during that period.

Paresthesias and Neurological Symptoms

How to describe:

Describe numbness, tingling, burning sensations, or electric shock-like feelings in specific body regions. Note whether they are bilateral or unilateral, constant or intermittent, and whether they affect your ability to use your hands or walk safely.

Worst-day example:

“I regularly experience burning and tingling in both hands and feet that wakes me at night. During flare-ups, the numbness in my hands is severe enough that I drop objects and cannot button clothing or use a keyboard. The tingling in my feet makes me unsteady when walking on uneven surfaces.”

What the examiner listens for:

Paresthesias are a specific checkbox on the DBQ and are a recognized associated symptom. If your paresthesias are severe enough to have received a separate neurological diagnosis, this may be separately ratable under M21-1 guidance.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not dismiss paresthesias as 'just tingling.' Describe the functional impact - what tasks cannot be performed because of numbness or tingling. Note if you have had nerve conduction studies or neurological evaluations.

Cognitive Dysfunction (Fibro Fog)

How to describe:

Describe difficulties with concentration, memory, word-finding, and mental clarity: 'I experience significant cognitive fog that makes it difficult to follow conversations, complete multi-step tasks, or remember things from hour to hour. I frequently lose my train of thought mid-sentence and cannot retain new information reliably.'

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, I cannot read more than a paragraph without losing comprehension. I forget whether I have taken my medications, miss appointments despite reminders, and cannot perform job duties that require sustained attention or problem-solving. My cognitive symptoms are as disabling as my physical pain.”

What the examiner listens for:

While fibro fog is not a separately listed checkbox on the DBQ, it falls under the broader symptom description fields and supports functional impact documentation. If cognitive symptoms are severe and separately diagnosed (e.g., as a cognitive disorder), they may be separately ratable.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not omit cognitive symptoms because you believe the exam is only about physical pain. Fibro fog is a well-documented component of fibromyalgia and is directly relevant to your ability to maintain gainful employment, which affects your overall disability rating.

Flare-Ups and Triggers

How to describe:

Describe what triggers your flare-ups, how often they occur, how long they last, and what happens during them. Common triggers include physical exertion, emotional stress, weather changes, illness, and poor sleep. During a flare: 'My pain escalates from a baseline of 4/10 to 8-9/10, I become unable to perform any physical activity, and I may be bedridden for 1-5 days.'

Worst-day example:

“My flare-ups occur approximately [X] times per month, last [X] days each, and are triggered by [stress, physical activity, cold weather, etc.]. During a flare, I cannot get dressed without help, I cannot drive, I cannot prepare food, and I require assistance with basic personal care. After the flare subsides, I am exhausted for several additional days.”

What the examiner listens for:

The DBQ specifically asks whether symptoms are precipitated by environmental or emotional stressors (field _96). The examiner should document flare-up frequency and severity. Per DeLuca v. Brown, the examiner must address functional limitations during flare-ups even if you appear relatively well at the time of the exam.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not allow the examiner to assess your condition only based on how you present on the day of the exam. Proactively state: 'Today is not representative of my worst days. I want to make sure you understand my condition as it is during a flare-up.' The VA rates your condition on its full range, not just your best days.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Prep Checklist

0/24 complete

Before Your Exam

Day Of

During the Exam

After the Exam

Your Rights During a C&P Exam

  • You have the right to record your C&P examination in most states under one-party consent recording laws - verify your state's law before the exam and inform the examiner if you are recording.
  • You have the right to bring a support person (family member, VSO representative, or advocate) to your C&P examination to observe and take notes.
  • You have the right to request a copy of the completed DBQ examination report through the VA's medical records release process or your MyHealtheVet portal.
  • You have the right to request a new or supplemental C&P examination if the original exam is inadequate - for example, if it fails to address DeLuca factors, does not examine all 18 tender point sites, or contains factual errors.
  • You have the right to submit lay statements (VA Form 21-4138) from yourself, family members, friends, coworkers, or other witnesses describing your symptoms and functional limitations - these are competent evidence.
  • You have the right to submit a private medical opinion (Independent Medical Examination or IMO) from a physician of your choosing to supplement or rebut the C&P examiner's opinion.
  • You have the right to be rated on the full range of your condition's severity, including your worst-day experience, not just your presentation on the day of the exam - per M21-1 guidance.
  • You have the right to appeal a rating decision you disagree with through the Supplemental Claim, Higher-Level Review, or Board of Veterans' Appeals lanes under the Appeals Modernization Act.
  • You have the right to free claims assistance from accredited Veterans Service Organizations (VSOs), VA-accredited claims agents, and VA-accredited attorneys - you do not need to navigate this process alone.
  • You have the right to separate ratings for conditions diagnosed secondary to your fibromyalgia (such as depression, anxiety, IBS, or headaches) in addition to your fibromyalgia rating, provided they are separately diagnosed - per M21-1, Part V, Subpart iii, Section F.
  • You have the right to have the benefit of the doubt applied in your favor when the evidence is in approximate balance - per 38 CFR 3.102, the VA must give you the benefit of the doubt when there is an equal amount of evidence for and against your claim.
  • You have the right to a Total Disability Rating based on Individual Unemployability (TDIU) if your fibromyalgia (alone or in combination with other service-connected conditions) prevents you from maintaining substantially gainful employment, even if your combined rating does not reach 100%.

Get Personalized C&P Exam Preparation

Upload your medical records for AI-powered prep that maps YOUR symptoms to the exact DBQ fields your examiner will evaluate.

This C&P exam preparation guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, medical, or claims advice. Always consult with a qualified Veterans Service Organization (VSO) representative or VA-accredited attorney for guidance specific to your claim. Never exaggerate, minimize, or fabricate symptoms during a C&P examination.