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C&P Exam Prep: Cushing's Syndrome

DC 7911 endocrine 38 CFR 4.119

DBQ Overview

Interview + Physical
Form Name
Endocrine_Other_than_Thyroid_Parathyroid_and_Diabetes_Mellitus
Form Code
Endocrine_Other_than_Thyroid_Parathyroid_and_Diabetes_Mellitus
Page Count
9
Examiner Type
Endocrinologist or Physician
Estimated Duration
30-45 minutes
Exam Format
Interview + Physical

What to Expect During Your Exam

Exam Overview

To document the current severity of Cushing's Syndrome and its associated manifestations for VA disability rating purposes under 38 CFR 4.119, DC 7907. The examiner will assess whether the condition is active and progressive or in remission, identify specific clinical features present, and determine how the condition impacts your daily functioning and ability to work.

What the examiner evaluates:

  • Whether Cushing's Syndrome is active, progressive, or in remission
  • Presence and severity of osteoporosis
  • Hypertension status and blood pressure readings (three readings required)
  • Proximal upper extremity muscle wasting and functional ability (ability to raise arms)
  • Proximal lower extremity muscle wasting and functional ability (ability to rise from squatting, climb stairs, rise from deep chair without assistance)
  • Presence of striae (stretch marks), obesity, and moon face
  • Glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus
  • Vascular fragility (easy bruising, thin skin)
  • Treatment history including surgery, radiation, corticosteroid therapy, and hormone replacement
  • Whether treatment is completed or ongoing
  • Impact on occupational and daily functioning
  • Associated conditions including hypogonadism, hypopituitarism, cardiovascular involvement, and neurological symptoms
  • Laboratory and imaging findings supporting diagnosis and severity
  • Date of initial diagnosis and disease course history

The exam will typically include a structured interview reviewing your medical history, current symptoms, and functional limitations, followed by a physical examination assessing muscle strength, body habitus, skin findings, and blood pressure. Bring all relevant medical records, lab results, imaging reports, and a written summary of your worst-day symptoms. In most states, you have the right to record the examination - notify the examiner at the start of the session.

Typical duration: 30-45 minutes

Blood Pressure (Three Readings)

Presence and severity of hypertension, which is a key feature assessed under DC 7907 for higher rating levels. Three separate readings are required per DBQ instructions.

What to expect:

The examiner will take three blood pressure readings, typically on the same arm, at intervals during the appointment. Readings above 140/90 mmHg generally indicate hypertension.

Key thresholds:

  • BP - 140/90 mmHg on at least two of three readings — Supports documentation of hypertension as a manifestation of active Cushing's Syndrome, relevant to 100% and 60% rating levels
  • BP < 130/80 mmHg consistently — May indicate controlled or resolving hypertension; examiner will note whether medication is required for control

Tips:

  • Do not take antihypertensive medications with the goal of artificially lowering your BP before the exam - take them exactly as prescribed
  • Inform the examiner if your blood pressure fluctuates significantly throughout the day or if you have documented readings at home that are higher
  • Bring a log of home blood pressure readings taken over recent weeks to provide a more accurate picture of your typical BP
  • Inform the examiner if you require medication to control your hypertension and what medications are prescribed

Pain considerations: Not directly applicable; however, note any headaches associated with elevated blood pressure episodes, as these represent additional functional impact.

Proximal Lower Extremity Muscle Strength Assessment

Ability to perform functional tasks requiring proximal lower extremity muscle strength, including rising from a squatting position, climbing stairs, and rising from a deep chair without assistance. This is a critical determinant between 60% and 100% ratings under DC 7907.

What to expect:

The examiner will observe or ask you to demonstrate functional movements such as standing from a seated position, attempting to rise from a squatting position, and describe your ability to climb stairs. They may assess hip flexor and quadriceps strength manually.

Key thresholds:

  • Inability to rise from squatting position, climb stairs, or rise from a deep chair without assistance — Supports 60% or 100% rating depending on whether disease is active and progressive
  • Difficulty but partial ability to perform these movements — Documents significant but not total loss of proximal lower extremity function; may support 60% with muscle wasting

Tips:

  • Perform these movements exactly as you actually can - do not push through pain or exert yourself beyond your true functional limit
  • If you cannot safely attempt the movement, tell the examiner clearly: 'I am unable to perform this movement without assistance or without falling'
  • Describe how these limitations affect your daily life specifically (e.g., 'I cannot use the bathtub because I cannot rise from a squatting position,' 'I must use handrails at all times on stairs')
  • Report your worst-day functional ability, not your best-day performance - symptoms of Cushing's may fluctuate

Pain considerations: Report any pain, fatigue, or weakness that limits your performance of these tasks. Note whether you experience increased fatigue after repeated attempts, as this represents the DeLuca factor of functional loss with repetitive use.

Proximal Upper Extremity Muscle Strength Assessment

Ability to raise arms above shoulder level, reflecting proximal upper extremity muscle wasting. Inability to raise arms is specifically enumerated in DC 7907 at the 60% and 100% levels.

What to expect:

The examiner will assess your ability to raise your arms to shoulder height and above, and may manually test deltoid and shoulder girdle muscle strength. They will observe for visible muscle wasting in the shoulder girdle area.

Key thresholds:

  • Inability to raise arms above shoulder level — Supports 60% or 100% rating under DC 7907 proximal muscle wasting criteria
  • Significant weakness but partial ability to raise arms — Documents proximal upper extremity muscle wasting with functional limitation

Tips:

  • Demonstrate only what you can truly accomplish without compensatory movements or pain
  • Describe specific activities you can no longer perform due to inability to raise arms (e.g., reaching overhead cabinets, washing hair, raising arms to dress)
  • Note whether weakness is worse after activity or at certain times of day
  • If muscle wasting is visible, point it out to the examiner - observable atrophy of the deltoid or shoulder girdle region is clinically significant

Pain considerations: Report any pain or burning sensation associated with arm raising. Note fatigue that develops with repeated arm use, as this demonstrates functional loss on repetitive use per DeLuca factors.

Body Habitus and Skin Examination

Presence of classic Cushing's features including central obesity (buffalo hump, abdominal obesity), moon face (rounded facial appearance), and striae (purple or pink stretch marks), as well as vascular fragility signs (easy bruising, thin skin, slow wound healing).

What to expect:

The examiner will visually inspect for moon face, central obesity pattern, dorsal fat pad (buffalo hump), purple or wide striae on the abdomen, thighs, or breasts, and signs of skin thinning or easy bruising. They may document measurements or photograph findings.

Key thresholds:

  • Presence of striae, obesity, moon face, glucose intolerance, AND vascular fragility (all five) — Meets criteria for 30% minimum rating under DC 7907
  • Active progressive disease with all features plus osteoporosis, hypertension, and proximal muscle wasting with functional loss — Supports 100% rating under DC 7907

Tips:

  • Do not cover or minimize visible striae, bruising, or skin thinning - these are objective findings the examiner needs to see
  • Wear clothing that allows examination of your abdomen, thighs, and upper arms where striae are most common
  • Point out any bruising that occurred from minimal trauma, as vascular fragility is a specific rating criterion
  • Bring photographs if bruising or other findings are not present on the day of exam but are a regular occurrence

Pain considerations: Note any pain associated with skin changes, sensitivity, or discomfort from striae or skin thinning. Report how skin fragility affects daily activities.

Glucose Tolerance and Metabolic Assessment

Presence of glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus as a complication of Cushing's Syndrome, which is specifically enumerated in DC 7907 at the 30% level and above.

What to expect:

The examiner will review your lab results for blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and any formal glucose tolerance testing. They will ask about symptoms of hyperglycemia and any medications for blood sugar management.

Key thresholds:

  • Fasting blood glucose - 126 mg/dL or HbA1c - 6.5% (diabetes) — Documents glucose intolerance/diabetes as a manifestation of Cushing's, supporting 30% minimum and potentially higher ratings with other criteria
  • Fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL or HbA1c 5.7-6.4% (pre-diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance) — Documents glucose intolerance criterion for DC 7907 30% rating level

Tips:

  • Bring all recent lab results showing blood glucose levels, HbA1c values, and any glucose tolerance test results
  • List all medications prescribed for blood sugar management, including metformin, insulin, or other agents
  • Describe symptoms of glucose dysregulation including increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision
  • Note the chronological relationship between your Cushing's diagnosis and the onset of glucose intolerance to establish nexus

Pain considerations: Report any neuropathic symptoms (burning, tingling in feet/hands) that may be attributable to hyperglycemia as a secondary complication.

Osteoporosis Assessment Review

Presence and extent of osteoporosis as a complication of chronic hypercortisolism, which is specifically enumerated as a criterion for the 100% active progressive disease rating under DC 7907.

What to expect:

The examiner will review DEXA scan results and any fracture history. They will ask about bone pain, previous fractures from minimal trauma, and any medications for osteoporosis (bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D).

Key thresholds:

  • DEXA T-score - -2.5 (osteoporosis) in any site — Documents osteoporosis as criterion for 100% active progressive disease rating under DC 7907
  • T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 (osteopenia) — Documents bone loss as a manifestation of Cushing's; documents disease impact even if not meeting full osteoporosis threshold
  • Fragility fracture history (fracture from minimal trauma) — Strongly supports osteoporosis documentation and overall severity

Tips:

  • Bring your most recent DEXA scan results with T-scores for spine and hip
  • Report any history of fractures, especially those occurring from minimal trauma (e.g., compression fractures of vertebrae, wrist fractures from minor falls)
  • List all medications prescribed for bone density protection
  • Describe any back pain or height loss that may indicate vertebral compression fractures

Pain considerations: Chronic back pain from osteoporotic vertebral changes should be clearly described to the examiner, including how it affects your ability to sit, stand, walk, and perform daily activities.

Estimate

Rating Criteria Breakdown

100% Active, progressive Cushing's Syndrome with ALL of the follo ...

Active, progressive Cushing's Syndrome with ALL of the following: areas of osteoporosis, hypertension, AND proximal upper and/or lower extremity muscle wasting that results in inability to rise from squatting position, climb stairs, rise from a deep chair without assistance, OR raise arms. This rating continues for six months following initial diagnosis.

Key Symptoms

  • Active, progressive hypercortisolism (not in remission)
  • Documented osteoporosis on DEXA scan or fracture history
  • Hypertension requiring treatment or documented elevated BP readings
  • Proximal lower extremity muscle wasting with inability to rise from squatting, climb stairs, or rise from deep chair without assistance
  • Proximal upper extremity muscle wasting with inability to raise arms
  • Severe functional impairment in daily activities and occupational function
  • Possible corticosteroid therapy required for control
  • Possible Addisonian crisis episodes if adrenal insufficiency coexists

CFR: 38 CFR 4.119, DC 7907: 'As active, progressive disease, including areas of osteoporosis, hypertension, and proximal upper and lower extremity muscle wasting that results in inability to rise from squatting position, climb stairs, rise from a deep chair without assistance, or raise arms - 100%.' Note: This rating continues for six months following initial diagnosis per the statutory note.

60% Proximal upper OR lower extremity muscle wasting that result ...

Proximal upper OR lower extremity muscle wasting that results in inability to rise from squatting position, climb stairs, rise from a deep chair without assistance, OR raise arms - without the full constellation of active progressive disease required for 100%, OR as active progressive disease not meeting all three criteria (osteoporosis, hypertension, and muscle wasting) simultaneously.

Key Symptoms

  • Proximal lower extremity muscle wasting with documented inability to perform functional tasks (rise from squatting, climb stairs, rise from deep chair without help)
  • Proximal upper extremity muscle wasting with documented inability to raise arms
  • Significant weakness and fatigability affecting daily function
  • May or may not have all features of active progressive disease simultaneously
  • Muscle atrophy visible or measurable on examination
  • Significant limitation in occupational and daily activities due to muscle weakness

CFR: 38 CFR 4.119, DC 7907: 'Proximal upper or lower extremity muscle wasting that results in inability to rise from squatting position, climb stairs, rise from a deep chair without assistance, or raise arms - 60%.'

30% With striae, obesity, moon face, glucose intolerance, AND va ...

With striae, obesity, moon face, glucose intolerance, AND vascular fragility. All five features should be present. This is the minimum rating level under DC 7907 and applies when the full muscle wasting criteria are not met.

Key Symptoms

  • Striae (stretch marks, typically purple or pink, on abdomen, thighs, breasts, or upper arms)
  • Obesity with central fat distribution (truncal obesity, buffalo hump)
  • Moon face (rounded, full facial appearance)
  • Glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus
  • Vascular fragility (easy bruising, thin skin, slow wound healing, petechiae)
  • May also include fatigue, mood changes, and sleep disturbances
  • Condition may be partially controlled but features persist

CFR: 38 CFR 4.119, DC 7907: 'With striae, obesity, moon face, glucose intolerance, and vascular fragility - 30%.' Note: After six months from initial diagnosis, if active progressive features resolve, rate on residuals under appropriate diagnostic codes within appropriate body systems.

How to Describe Your Symptoms

Proximal Muscle Weakness - Lower Extremities

How to describe:

Be specific about exactly which functional tasks you cannot perform or can only perform with great difficulty or assistance. Use concrete, observable examples rather than general statements about weakness. Quantify how many steps you can climb, whether you need handrails, whether you need someone to pull you up from a chair, and how long tasks take compared to before your condition began.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, I cannot rise from a standard chair without pushing up with both arms on the armrests, and even then I sometimes fail on the first attempt. I cannot rise from a squatting position at all - I have not been able to do that for over a year. I cannot climb more than two or three steps without holding the rail with both hands, and by the third step my thighs are burning and trembling. Getting off the toilet is a daily struggle. I have fallen twice attempting to stand from low seating.”

What the examiner listens for:

The examiner is specifically looking for language that matches DC 7907 criteria: inability to rise from squatting position, inability to climb stairs, inability to rise from a deep chair without assistance, and inability to raise arms. These exact functional limitations map directly to the 60% and 100% rating levels.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'I have some weakness' or 'it's a little hard to get up.' These vague descriptions do not capture the functional threshold required for higher ratings. Do not demonstrate better function than you actually have during the exam - only do what you can safely and accurately do.

Proximal Muscle Weakness - Upper Extremities

How to describe:

Describe specific activities you can no longer do because you cannot raise your arms above shoulder level or sustain overhead positions. Provide examples from daily life that clearly illustrate functional loss, including grooming, dressing, reaching for objects, and any occupational tasks requiring arm elevation.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, I cannot raise my arms above my shoulders to wash my hair in the shower - my wife has to help me. I cannot reach overhead cabinets in my kitchen. When I try to raise my arms to put on a shirt, I have to use a button-down and even then I cannot raise my arms high enough to pull a shirt over my head. My shoulders feel like they have bags of sand hanging from them. The weakness is there every day but is much worse after any activity.”

What the examiner listens for:

Inability to raise arms is the specific functional criterion in DC 7907. The examiner needs to hear about specific, concrete limitations with named activities. Descriptions of visible muscle wasting in the shoulder and upper arm area also support this criterion.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'my arms get tired.' Clearly state if you cannot raise them above shoulder height and give specific daily examples of how this limitation manifests.

Weakness and Fatigability

How to describe:

Describe the nature of your fatigue as distinct from ordinary tiredness. Cushing's-related weakness and fatigability often involve a persistent, pathological exhaustion that does not resolve with rest. Describe onset, duration, triggers, and how it limits your ability to work and perform daily tasks. This aligns with DeLuca factors for functional loss.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, I wake up already exhausted even after sleeping eight or nine hours. Within 30 minutes of any physical activity - even walking to the mailbox - my legs feel like concrete and I have to sit down. I cannot complete a full grocery shopping trip without needing to use a cart to lean on and sitting down at least twice. I had to stop working because I could not sustain activity for more than one to two hours without complete exhaustion. The fatigue is not like being tired after exercise - it is a bone-deep weakness that does not go away.”

What the examiner listens for:

The examiner will document weakness and fatigability (DBQ field 439) as a specific manifestation. They are also capturing functional impact on employment and daily activities in the impact section of the DBQ.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not minimize fatigue by saying 'I just get tired easily.' Describe specifically how it limits duration of activity, interferes with your ability to maintain employment, and prevents completion of basic daily tasks.

Skin Changes - Striae and Vascular Fragility

How to describe:

Describe the appearance, location, and extent of striae and any bruising or skin fragility. Note when these changes appeared relative to your Cushing's diagnosis. Describe incidents of bruising from minimal contact, cuts that take unusually long to heal, or skin that tears easily.

Worst-day example:

“I have wide purple stretch marks on my abdomen, both thighs, and my upper arms that appeared after my cortisol levels were elevated. My skin bruises from almost any contact - I have bruises on my arms right now from simply leaning on a table. Last week I got a bruise the size of my fist from bumping the edge of a countertop. My skin tears from adhesive bandages being removed. Cuts from minor injuries take weeks to heal and sometimes reopen.”

What the examiner listens for:

Striae and vascular fragility are two of the five criteria required for the 30% rating. The examiner needs to document these as objectively present findings. Describe incidents that demonstrate the vascular fragility component specifically.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not fail to point out existing striae or bruises during the physical examination. These are objective findings the examiner must see and document.

Central Obesity and Moon Face

How to describe:

Describe the characteristic fat redistribution pattern of Cushing's Syndrome: truncal weight gain with relatively thin extremities, buffalo hump (dorsal fat pad at base of neck), and rounded moon face. Describe when these changes began and how they have progressed.

Worst-day example:

“My face has become very rounded and puffy - my family says I look completely different from photos taken before I got sick. I developed a large fat deposit at the back of my neck and shoulders. My abdomen has grown significantly while my arms and legs remain thin. My clothes do not fit properly because of the unusual body shape changes. These changes appeared gradually after my cortisol began rising and have worsened as my condition has progressed.”

What the examiner listens for:

Obesity and moon face are two of five criteria for the 30% rating level. The examiner will visually document these during the physical exam, but your description of the progression and chronological relationship to Cushing's diagnosis helps establish these as manifestations of the condition.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not attribute these body changes solely to general weight gain or aging. Clearly connect them to the onset and course of your Cushing's Syndrome.

Glucose Intolerance

How to describe:

Describe your blood sugar management, symptoms of hyperglycemia, and any medications required for glucose control. Establish the temporal relationship between your Cushing's diagnosis and the onset of glucose problems.

Worst-day example:

“My blood sugar was normal before my Cushing's diagnosis. After my cortisol levels rose, my fasting glucose climbed to over 140 mg/dL and my HbA1c reached 7.1%. I now take metformin daily. I experience significant fatigue, blurred vision, and increased thirst on days when my blood sugar is poorly controlled. My endocrinologist says the glucose intolerance is directly caused by the elevated cortisol from Cushing's Syndrome.”

What the examiner listens for:

Glucose intolerance is one of five criteria for the 30% rating. The examiner needs laboratory documentation and a description of symptoms and treatment required.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not describe glucose intolerance as a separate, unrelated condition. Clearly connect it to your Cushing's Syndrome and provide your lab values and medication list.

Functional Impact on Occupational and Daily Activities

How to describe:

The DBQ specifically asks about impact on occupational and daily functioning. Describe concretely how your condition has affected your ability to work, including specific job tasks you can no longer perform, any accommodations required, and whether you have had to reduce or stop working entirely. Also describe impact on daily self-care, household tasks, and social activities.

Worst-day example:

“I had to stop working as a warehouse supervisor because I can no longer stand for extended periods, cannot climb ladders or stairs safely, and cannot lift or carry materials. I have also had to give up driving long distances because the fatigue and muscle weakness make it unsafe. At home, I cannot do yard work, laundry that requires carrying baskets, or cooking that requires standing at a stove for more than 10-15 minutes. My spouse handles most household tasks. I rarely leave the house on bad days because I am afraid of falling.”

What the examiner listens for:

The DBQ has a specific section (field 360) asking for a description of the impact of each endocrine condition on occupational and daily functioning. This narrative directly influences how the examiner describes functional loss, which can support a TDIU claim or higher rating.

Understatements to avoid:

Do not say 'it affects my daily life' without specifics. List actual named tasks, jobs, or activities you can no longer do or can only do with significant limitation or assistance.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Prep Checklist

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Before Your Exam

Day Of

During the Exam

After the Exam

Your Rights During a C&P Exam

  • You have the right to a thorough, adequate C&P examination that addresses all symptoms and functional limitations relevant to your claimed condition under 38 CFR 3.159(c)(4).
  • You have the right to request a new or additional examination if you believe the initial examination was inadequate, insufficient, or failed to accurately reflect your condition.
  • In most states, you have the right to audio-record your C&P examination. Verify your specific state's consent laws before the exam and notify the examiner at the start of the session.
  • You have the right to submit your own independent medical opinion (IMO) or nexus letter from a private treating physician to supplement or rebut the C&P examiner's findings.
  • You have the right to access a copy of the completed DBQ and all examination records through FOIA request or your eBenefits/VA.gov account.
  • You have the right to bring a representative, advocate, or support person to the examination, though they typically may not speak on your behalf during the medical assessment.
  • You have the right to submit buddy statements (lay statements) from family members, caregivers, or coworkers documenting your functional limitations and daily symptoms.
  • Under the PACT Act and VA's duty to assist, the VA is required to obtain adequate medical evidence before making a rating decision. If the examination is inadequate, you can challenge the adequacy under Barr v. Nicholson.
  • You have the right to request clarification of the examiner's rationale if the C&P opinion is negative or unfavorable, and to submit a rebuttal with additional medical evidence.
  • The VA is required to consider all relevant evidence in your claims file, including private medical records, treating physician statements, and lay evidence, not only the C&P examination findings.
  • Under the benefit-of-the-doubt standard (38 CFR 3.102), when the evidence for and against your claim is in approximate balance, the decision must be made in your favor.
  • After six months from initial diagnosis, DC 7907 requires rating on residuals under appropriate diagnostic codes. Ensure all residual conditions are separately claimed and examined.

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This C&P exam preparation guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, medical, or claims advice. Always consult with a qualified Veterans Service Organization (VSO) representative or VA-accredited attorney for guidance specific to your claim. Never exaggerate, minimize, or fabricate symptoms during a C&P examination.