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C&P Exam Prep: Benign Bone Neoplasm

DC 5015 musculoskeletal 38 CFR 4.71a

DBQ Overview

Interview + Physical
Form Name
Bones_and_Other_Skeletal_Conditions
Form Code
Bones_and_Other_Skeletal_Conditions
Page Count
7
Examiner Type
Orthopedic Surgeon, Oncologist, or appropriate clinician
Estimated Duration
30-45 minutes
Exam Format
Interview + Physical

What to Expect During Your Exam

Exam Overview

To document the current nature, location, size, symptomatology, functional impact, and treatment history of a service-connected or claimed benign bone neoplasm under 38 CFR 4.71a, Diagnostic Code 5015. The examiner will assess how the neoplasm limits function, causes pain, requires assistive devices, and whether any residuals or complications are present.

What the examiner evaluates:

  • Diagnosis confirmation: type, location (right/left, upper/lower extremity, axial skeleton), and ICD code of the benign bone neoplasm
  • Current signs and symptoms including pain, swelling, tenderness, and deformity at the neoplasm site
  • Range of motion limitations in affected bones and adjacent joints caused by the neoplasm
  • Functional impairment including pain with use, fatigue, weakness, incoordination, and flare-up frequency
  • Treatment history: surgery (excision/curettage), radiation therapy, antineoplastic chemotherapy, other therapeutic procedures
  • Residuals and complications: pathological fracture, deformity, joint instability, nerve compression, recurrence
  • Use of assistive devices: braces, canes, crutches, walker, wheelchair, and frequency of use
  • Whether the condition results in functional impairment of an extremity (right upper, left upper, right lower, left lower)
  • Presence of scars or disfigurement from surgery or biopsy
  • Imaging and diagnostic test results: X-ray, MRI, bone scan, bone biopsy/culture
  • Impact on occupational and daily functioning
  • Whether any additional benign or malignant neoplasms or related skeletal conditions are present

The examination will typically be conducted in person at a VA facility, contracted examination center (such as LHI, QTC, or VES), or via telehealth in some circumstances. Bring all relevant imaging (X-rays, MRI, CT, bone scan reports), surgical/pathology reports, biopsy results, and any private treatment records. Dress comfortably so the examiner can visually inspect and palpate the affected area. You have the right to request that the exam be recorded in most states - bring a personal recording device if desired and notify the examiner at the start.

Typical duration: 30-45 minutes

Range of Motion Testing (Active and Passive)

The degrees of motion available in the joint or region adjacent to or affected by the benign bone neoplasm, measured with a goniometer. Used to identify motion-limiting impairment caused by the neoplasm, post-surgical residuals, or pain inhibition.

What to expect:

The examiner will ask you to move the affected joint/limb as far as you can on your own (active ROM), then may gently move it themselves (passive ROM). They will note where motion stops and whether pain limits further movement before the anatomical end range. Testing should be performed both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing for lower extremity conditions.

Key thresholds:

  • Pain at end range with functional limitation — Supports rating analogous to the underlying impaired joint or bone under DC 5015 and related codes; documents DeLuca factors
  • ROM limited due to neoplasm size, bony deformity, or post-surgical changes — Directly influences rating level - greater limitation corresponds to higher rating under analogous joint DCs
  • Ankylosis or complete loss of motion — May support ratings at the highest levels for the affected joint under analogous codes

Tips:

  • Perform ROM at YOUR actual comfortable limit - do not push through severe pain to impress the examiner
  • If pain causes you to stop before the anatomical end range, clearly state 'I am stopping due to pain' so the examiner documents it
  • Report your ROM on your worst days, not just your best days - inform the examiner if today is a better-than-average day
  • If the neoplasm is in a weight-bearing bone, ask the examiner to test both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing positions
  • Mention if repetitive use of the joint increases pain or causes your motion to decrease

Pain considerations: Under DeLuca v. Brown, the examiner must document pain on motion, weakness, fatigue, and incoordination - all of which may reduce your effective ROM below what is measured on a single test. If your pain, fatigue, or weakness causes functional loss beyond what the goniometer records, explicitly tell the examiner: 'My pain/fatigue causes me to lose additional function that this measurement does not show.'

Physical Palpation and Inspection of Neoplasm Site

Location, size, tenderness, firmness, and any visible deformity or swelling of the benign bone neoplasm. Also evaluates overlying skin for scars, disfigurement, or surgical changes.

What to expect:

The examiner will visually inspect and press on the area where the neoplasm is located. They will assess for tenderness to palpation, warmth, swelling, and bony deformity. If surgery has been performed, they will inspect the scar.

Key thresholds:

  • Palpable mass with tenderness — Documents active symptomatic benign neoplasm supporting a compensable rating
  • Post-surgical scar area larger than 50-cent piece (>1.14 sq in / 7.35 sq cm) — May support a separate compensable scar rating under DC 7804/7805
  • Bony deformity or structural irregularity — Supports higher functional impairment rating and documents residual complications

Tips:

  • Clearly identify the painful area before the examiner begins palpation
  • Do not minimize tenderness - accurately report your pain level (0-10) when the examiner presses on the affected area
  • If the neoplasm has grown, changed in character, or become more painful since diagnosis, state this clearly
  • Point out any surgical scars and describe their associated symptoms (pain, restricted movement, sensitivity)

Pain considerations: Pain on palpation is a key finding that supports symptomatic benign neoplasm. Accurately communicate both the intensity (e.g., 7/10 sharp pain) and the nature (aching, throbbing, stabbing) of pain when the examiner touches the area.

Functional Impairment Assessment

How the benign bone neoplasm and any residuals (post-surgical, from complications, or from the neoplasm itself) affect the veteran's ability to perform occupational and daily activities.

What to expect:

The examiner will ask you questions about your ability to walk, lift, carry, stand, sit, and perform daily activities. They will assess whether you use assistive devices and how frequently. For extremity involvement, they will identify which extremity is affected (right/left, upper/lower) and document functional loss.

Key thresholds:

  • Functional impairment of dominant upper extremity — Dominant extremity impairment often warrants a 10% increase over non-dominant rating
  • Requires wheelchair full-time — Supports highest functional impairment ratings; relevant to individual unemployability
  • Unable to perform sedentary employment due to condition — Supports Total Disability Individual Unemployability (TDIU) consideration

Tips:

  • Describe your worst-day functional level - not what you can do on a good day
  • Be specific: instead of 'I have trouble walking,' say 'On my worst days I can only walk 50 feet before severe pain in my [affected bone] forces me to stop'
  • Mention all assistive devices you use (braces, canes, crutches, walker, wheelchair) and how often you use them
  • Describe how the condition affects your ability to work - both physically and due to flare-ups
  • Report if you have fallen or had near-falls due to the neoplasm affecting a weight-bearing bone

Pain considerations: Functional loss due to pain, even when structural ROM appears acceptable, is fully ratable under DeLuca. Explicitly state: 'The pain from my bone neoplasm causes me to [specific activity limitation] even when my range of motion appears normal on testing.'

Imaging and Diagnostic Test Review

Radiographic and pathological confirmation of the benign bone neoplasm type, location, size, and any associated bone changes (cortical thinning, expansion, fracture risk). Includes X-ray, MRI, CT, bone scan, and bone biopsy/culture results.

What to expect:

The examiner will review available imaging in the claims file and may order new imaging if needed. They will document dates of tests and results. Biopsy results confirming benign pathology (e.g., osteochondroma, enchondroma, giant cell tumor, fibrous dysplasia) are particularly important.

Key thresholds:

  • Imaging confirming active benign neoplasm with bony involvement — Establishes current diagnosis essential for service-connected rating
  • Evidence of pathological fracture or cortical destruction — Supports higher rating as a complication of the neoplasm; may also rate separately under fracture codes
  • Post-surgical imaging showing residual deformity or incomplete resection — Supports continued rating after treatment for residual functional impairment

Tips:

  • Bring copies of ALL imaging reports (X-ray, MRI, CT, bone scan) from private providers not in the VA system
  • Bring pathology/biopsy reports confirming the diagnosis of benign neoplasm
  • If imaging was done recently showing progression or change, ensure the examiner has access to it
  • Ask the examiner to confirm they reviewed all available imaging - this is documented on the DBQ

Pain considerations: Imaging findings alone do not capture your subjective pain and functional loss. Ensure the examiner understands that imaging may underrepresent your actual impairment - particularly on days when pain, swelling, or flare-ups are at their worst.

Estimate

Rating Criteria Breakdown

30% Benign bone neoplasm causing significant functional impairme ...

Benign bone neoplasm causing significant functional impairment - marked limitation of motion, chronic pain substantially restricting daily function, regular use of assistive devices, or significant post-surgical residuals. Condition meaningfully affects the veteran's ability to maintain employment or perform necessary daily activities.

Key Symptoms

  • Marked limitation of range of motion in affected joint or region
  • Chronic pain requiring regular medication
  • Regular use of crutches, walker, or wheelchair
  • Pathological fracture as a complication of the neoplasm
  • Significant post-surgical deformity or instability
  • Severe fatigue and weakness with any use of affected part
  • Flare-ups that confine the veteran to limited activity multiple times per month

CFR: DC 5015 analogous ratings at 30% and above reflect severe functional impairment of the affected skeletal area. For example, marked painful limitation of a major lower extremity joint, pathological fracture history, or bony deformity causing significant gait disturbance would support ratings at this level. Ratings above 30% are possible when impairment is equivalent to higher-rated joint/bone analogues.

20% Benign bone neoplasm causing moderate symptoms - more consis ...

Benign bone neoplasm causing moderate symptoms - more consistent pain with use and at rest, moderate limitation of motion in the affected joint or region, occasional need for assistive devices, or moderate functional restriction in occupational or daily activities.

Key Symptoms

  • Moderate pain at rest and with activity, limiting function
  • Moderate limitation of joint/bone range of motion
  • Occasional use of brace or cane for support
  • Flare-ups of pain and swelling occurring regularly
  • Moderate weakness or fatigue in affected extremity
  • Post-surgical residuals with functional impact

CFR: Under DC 5015, a 20% rating would be supported when the neoplasm causes functional impairment analogous to, for example, moderate limitation of motion of a major joint (e.g., knee or hip), or moderately painful limitation of a long bone such that occupational and recreational activity is meaningfully restricted.

10% Benign bone neoplasm causing mild but definite symptoms - in ...

Benign bone neoplasm causing mild but definite symptoms - intermittent pain with activity, mild limitation of function in the affected area, or minor post-treatment residuals. Condition is symptomatic but does not substantially restrict daily activities or require regular assistive device use.

Key Symptoms

  • Intermittent pain with activity or palpation
  • Mild limitation of range of motion in affected joint/region
  • Occasional use of pain medication
  • Minor post-surgical scar or residual tenderness
  • Mild fatigue with repetitive use of affected extremity

CFR: DC 5015 rates benign neoplasms analogously to the impairment caused. A 10% rating is typical when symptoms are real but mild - for example, mild painful limitation of a joint analogous to a 10% rating under the corresponding joint DC (e.g., mild limitation of motion at the knee, hip, or shoulder).

0% Benign bone neoplasm with no current symptoms, no functional ...

Benign bone neoplasm with no current symptoms, no functional impairment, no treatment required, and no demonstrable effect on the use of the affected part. The condition may be present but is entirely asymptomatic and non-limiting.

Key Symptoms

  • No pain at rest or with activity
  • No functional limitation of adjacent joint or affected bone
  • No assistive device use
  • No treatment within recent period
  • Incidental finding on imaging without clinical significance

CFR: Under DC 5015, benign neoplasms of bone are rated on the basis of the symptomatology and functional impairment they cause, analogous to the rating criteria for the affected bone or joint. A non-symptomatic, non-limiting benign neoplasm would receive a non-compensable (0%) rating.

How to Describe Your Symptoms

Pain - Location, Character, and Frequency

How to describe:

Describe exactly where the pain is (e.g., 'along the inner aspect of my right tibia where the neoplasm is located'), what type of pain it is (sharp, aching, throbbing, burning), how severe it is on your worst days (using a 0-10 scale), and how often it occurs. Distinguish between pain at rest, pain with activity, and pain that wakes you at night.

Worst-day example:

“On my worst days, the pain in my left femur where the neoplasm is located is a 9 out of 10. It starts as a deep aching pain that begins within minutes of standing or walking, and even at rest in bed at night it wakes me up 2-3 times. I cannot stand for more than 5 minutes or walk more than half a block without severe pain forcing me to stop.”

What the examiner listens for:

Specificity of pain location, consistency with the documented neoplasm site, pain that limits functional activity, night pain indicating active disease, and pain patterns that match the DeLuca factors of pain on motion, at rest, and with repeated use.

Understatements to avoid:

Saying 'the pain isn't that bad' or 'I manage it okay' when you are actually relying on pain medication, limiting your activities, or losing sleep. Minimizing pain at the exam can result in a non-compensable or inadequately rated decision.

Functional Limitations - What You Cannot Do

How to describe:

Describe in specific, concrete terms what activities you cannot do or can only do with great difficulty because of the benign bone neoplasm. Use distance, time, weight, and frequency as metrics. Reference both occupational limitations (lifting, standing, walking, sitting) and personal daily activities (dressing, bathing, climbing stairs, driving).

Worst-day example:

“Because of the neoplasm in my right humerus, on my worst days I cannot raise my right arm above shoulder height, cannot carry more than a half-pound without dropping items, cannot button my shirt or tie my shoes without severe pain, and cannot perform my job duties as a warehouse worker. This happens at least 10-15 days per month.”

What the examiner listens for:

Concrete activity limitations tied directly to the neoplasm or its residuals, frequency of bad days versus good days, impact on employment, and whether the veteran compensates by using assistive devices or modifying their behavior.

Understatements to avoid:

Describing only what you can do on a good day. The VA rates your average and worst-day function - if you tell the examiner 'I can walk okay most days' without mentioning the days you cannot walk at all, your rating may not reflect your true disability level.

Flare-Ups - Frequency, Duration, and Triggers

How to describe:

Explain how often your symptoms worsen significantly (flare-ups), what triggers them (activity, weather, prolonged standing, lifting), how long each flare-up lasts, and what you must do during a flare-up (rest, ice, additional medication, use crutches/wheelchair). Describe the level of disability during a flare-up specifically.

Worst-day example:

“I experience severe flare-ups of pain and swelling at the neoplasm site approximately 3-4 times per month. Each flare-up is triggered by overuse - even moderate activity like grocery shopping - and lasts 2-4 days. During a flare-up I am bedridden for at least one full day, cannot walk without crutches, and require prescription-strength pain medication around the clock.”

What the examiner listens for:

Frequency and predictability of flare-ups, whether flare-ups cause additional functional loss beyond baseline, duration of recovery, and whether flare-ups interfere with employment or daily obligations.

Understatements to avoid:

Forgetting to mention flare-ups at all, or saying 'I have flare-ups sometimes' without quantifying frequency, duration, or severity. Examiners must document flare-up information under DeLuca - if you don't describe them, they may not be recorded.

Treatment History and Response

How to describe:

Describe all treatments you have received for the benign bone neoplasm in chronological order: surgery (type, date, what was done), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, physical therapy, injections, bracing, and current medications. Explain whether treatments helped, partially helped, or were unsuccessful, and what residuals remain after treatment.

Worst-day example:

“I had surgery in [year] to remove the neoplasm from my right distal femur. After surgery, I had significant improvement but still have chronic pain at the surgical site and my knee range of motion never fully recovered - I can only bend my knee to about 70 degrees now versus 135 degrees before surgery. I wear a hinged knee brace daily and use a cane when walking more than two blocks.”

What the examiner listens for:

Completeness of treatment history, whether treatment was curative or palliative, post-treatment residuals, compliance with recommended treatment, and current treatment needs including assistive devices.

Understatements to avoid:

Failing to mention all surgeries, therapies, or procedures. The examiner needs a complete picture - omitting prior surgery or radiation can result in an incomplete DBQ and inadequate rating for residuals.

Assistive Device Use

How to describe:

List every assistive device you use and describe how often you use it (daily, several times per week, during flare-ups only), why you need it (pain, instability, weakness, fall prevention), and what activities require its use. Include prescribed devices and devices you purchased yourself.

Worst-day example:

“I use a hinged brace on my right leg every day when I leave the house because without it the pain and instability from my femoral neoplasm makes me feel like my leg will give out. On bad days or flare-ups, I also use a cane or crutches. On my three worst days last month, I used a wheelchair to get around because I could not bear weight at all.”

What the examiner listens for:

Type of device, frequency of use, whether devices are prescribed by a physician, and whether multiple devices are used depending on severity of symptoms on a given day.

Understatements to avoid:

Not mentioning assistive devices because you feel embarrassed or think they are unimportant. Assistive device use is a direct indicator of functional impairment and is explicitly documented on the DBQ form - it directly affects your rating.

Complications and Residuals

How to describe:

Accurately describe any complications that have arisen from the benign bone neoplasm or its treatment: pathological fractures, bony deformity, nerve compression causing numbness or weakness, joint instability, recurrence of the neoplasm, or adjacent joint arthritis. Be clear about which complications are ongoing versus resolved.

Worst-day example:

“The benign bone neoplasm in my right tibia caused a pathological fracture two years ago that required surgical repair. Since then, I have chronic pain at the fracture site, a visible angulation of my lower leg, and I walk with a permanent limp. The fracture also caused nerve damage that gives me numbness in my right foot and causes me to trip and fall approximately twice per month.”

What the examiner listens for:

Whether complications are present that may warrant separate rating, whether residuals are chronic or episodic, and the direct causal link between the neoplasm and the complications described.

Understatements to avoid:

Not mentioning complications like pathological fracture history, nerve involvement, or adjacent joint damage because you assume they are already in your records. The examiner needs to hear these from you to ensure they are documented in the DBQ - do not assume they have reviewed everything.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Prep Checklist

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Before Your Exam

Day Of

During the Exam

After the Exam

Your Rights During a C&P Exam

  • You have the right to a thorough, fully adequate C&P examination - the examiner is required to address all aspects of your claimed condition including current diagnosis, symptoms, functional impact, and nexus to service.
  • You have the right to record your C&P examination in most states - check your state's recording consent law and bring a recording device if you choose to exercise this right.
  • You have the right to request a copy of the completed DBQ and all examination reports through a Privacy Act request (VA Form 20-10206).
  • You have the right to challenge an inadequate, inaccurate, or incomplete C&P examination by requesting a new exam, submitting a private IMO/IME, or appealing the rating decision.
  • You have the right to submit private medical evidence - including independent medical opinions, private physician statements, and buddy statements - at any stage of the claims process.
  • You have the right to bring a support person to observe (not participate in) your C&P examination - contact the examination facility in advance to confirm their policy.
  • You have the right to a VA examination that considers ALL DeLuca factors - pain on motion, weakness, fatigue, incoordination, and flare-up frequency and duration - for any musculoskeletal condition.
  • You have the right to the benefit of the doubt when the evidence is in approximate balance - under 38 U.S.C. 5107(b), if the evidence for and against your claim is roughly equal, VA must decide in your favor.
  • You have the right to free claims assistance from an accredited Veterans Service Organization (VSO) representative - organizations such as DAV, VFW, American Legion, and others provide this service at no cost.
  • You have the right to know the basis for your rating decision - VA must provide a Statement of the Case (SOC) or Supplemental Statement of the Case (SSOC) that explains the evidence considered and the reasons for the rating assigned.
  • You have the right to request that the VA assist in obtaining relevant records - under the duty to assist (38 CFR 3.159), VA must help gather relevant medical records, employment records, and other evidence supporting your claim.
  • You have the right to file a claim for secondary service-connected conditions caused or aggravated by your benign bone neoplasm (e.g., adjacent joint arthritis, nerve damage, pathological fracture residuals, chronic pain syndrome).

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This C&P exam preparation guide is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal, medical, or claims advice. Always consult with a qualified Veterans Service Organization (VSO) representative or VA-accredited attorney for guidance specific to your claim. Never exaggerate, minimize, or fabricate symptoms during a C&P examination.